| earliest clinical trial | is in | treatment of COVID-19 (count: 2) | |
|---|---|
| Timely adjustment management and treatment strategy prior to guideline update: The first evidence of digestive tract involvement in COVID-19 has been found, and the earliest clinical trial of chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 has been carried out in our hospital.
| |
| And the earliest clinical trial of chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 had been carried out in our hospital, which was helpful for including of chloroquine in updated guideline.
| |
| paper clinical trial | conducted in | COVID-19 patients (count: 2) | |
| A recent paper reported an inhibitor effect of remdesivir (a new antiviral drug) and chloroquine (an old antimalarial drug) on the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, [8] and an early clinical trial conducted in COVID-19 Chinese patients, showed that chloroquine had a significant effect, both in terms of clinical outcome and viral clearance, when comparing to controls groups [9,10].
-- reference not found! | |
| A recent paper reported an inhibitor effect of remdesivir (a new antiviral drug) and chloroquine (an old antimalarial drug) on the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, [8] and an early clinical trial conducted in COVID-19 Chinese patients, showed that chloroquine had a significant effect, both in terms of clinical outcome and viral clearance, when comparing to controls groups [9, 10] .
-- reference not found! | |
| chloroquine | inhibit SARS-CoV-2 with | hydroxychloroquine (count: 2) | |
| Very recently, a Chinese team published results of a study demonstrating that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro with hydroxychloroquine (EC50=0.72%µM) found to be more potent than chloroquine (EC50=5.47%µM) [14] .
-- reference not found! | |
| These results are of great importance because a recent paper has shown that the mean duration of viral shedding in patients suffering from COVID-19 in China was 20 days (even 37 days for the longest duration) [19] Very recently, a Chinese team published results of a study demonstrating that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro with hydroxychloroquine (EC50=0.72%µM) found to be more potent than chloroquine (EC50=5.47%µM) [14] .
-- reference not found! | |
| both | may act as | antiviral therapy against SARS-CoV-2 (count: 2) | |
| 16.20037135 doi: medRxiv preprint such combination may both act as an antiviral therapy against SARS-CoV-2 and prevent bacterial super-infections.
-- reference not found! | |
| Further studies on this combination are needed, since such combination may both act as an antiviral therapy against SARS-CoV-2 and prevent bacterial super-infections.
-- reference not found! | |
| clinical trials | have | have registered since beginning of COVID-19 outbreak (count: 2) | |
| Numerous clinical trials have been registered since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, however, a number of information regarding drugs or trial design were lacking.
-- reference not found! | |
| 8 Concomitantly, numerous clinical trials have been registered since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak numerous to evaluate therapeutic strategies for this disease.
-- reference not found! | |
| arbidol monotherapy | treating | COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| Our study (NCT04252885), designated as ELACOI, was an exploratory randomized (2:2:1) and controlled one, exploring the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or arbidol monotherapy treating mild/moderate COVID-19 patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| recent clinical trial | is in | adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 conducted (count: 1) | |
| The results in our study are consistent with findings from a recent clinical trial of LPV/r in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 conducted in Wuhan, which recruited 199 hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19 and concluded that no benefit was observed with LPV/r treatment beyond standard care [20] .
-- reference not found! | |
| evaluation | indicating | potential for treatment of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection (count: 1) | |
| Further pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic evaluation in rats and monkeys showed a high concentration of CVL218 in lung and observed no apparent signs of toxicity, indicating the appealing potential of this drug for the treatment of the pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
| |
| PARP1 inhibitor CVL218 | can serve as | potential agent for treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| In summary, the PARP1 inhibitor CVL218 discovered by our data-driven drug repositioning framework can serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of COVID-19.
| |
| polymerase PARP1 inhibitor PJ-34 | antiviral activities against | SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| The above screening process revealed that a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor PJ-34 could potentially have the antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2.
| |
| providing | possible mode of | its antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Moreover, our molecular docking study suggested that CVL218 may bind to the N-terminal domain of nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2, providing a possible mode of its antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2.
| |
| PARP1 inhibitors | antiviral activities against | SARS-CoV-2 infection (count: 1) | |
| Although we mainly conducted in vitro assays to experimentally validate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of olaparib and CVL218 due to limited time, it is natural to speculate that other PARP1 inhibitors may also have antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on our computational prediction and experimental validation results.
| |
| https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.986836 doi | has | has recommended for treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.986836 doi: bioRxiv preprint body drug targeting IL-6, has been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7) promulgated by the Chinese government (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/20
| |
| we | identify | antiviral drug candidates for treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| In this study, we screened a panel of FDA-approved drugs to identify antiviral drug candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 and suggest the identified drug candidates may be considered for therapeutic development.
-- reference not found! | |
| % sequence identity 1 | show | extent of antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Since the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are very similar (79.5% sequence identity) 1 , the drugs which show antiviral activity against SARS-CoV are expected to show similar extent of antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| drugs | showed | potential antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Among the 49 drugs that were evaluated in our study, 24 drugs showed potential antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 with IC 50 values in between 0.1 and 10 µM; Tilorone, Cyclosporine, Loperamide, Mefloquine, Amodiaquine, Proscillaridin, Digitoxin, Digoxin, Hexachlorophene, Hydroxyprogesterone caproate, Salinomycin, Ouabain, Cepharanthine, Ciclesonide, Oxyclozanide, Anidulafungin, Gilteritinib, Berbamine, Tetrandrine, Abemaciclib, Ivacaftor, Bazedoxifene, Niclosamide, and Eltrombopag.
-- reference not found! | |
| niclosamide | exhibited | antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| First, niclosamide, an antihelminthic drug, exhibited very potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (IC 50 = 0.28 µM).
-- reference not found! | |
| potential antiviral activity | be applied for | treatment of 2019-nCoV virus infection (count: 1) | |
| We previously reported that teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic which has routinely been used in the clinic to treat bacterial infection with low toxicity, significantly inhibits the invasion of cells by Ebola virus, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, via specifically inhibiting the activity of cathepsin L. Here, we tested the efficacy of teicoplanin against 2019-nCoV virus infection and found that teicoplanin potently prevents the entrance of 2019-nCoV-Spike-pseudoviruses into the cytoplasm, with an IC 50 of 1.66 μM. Although the inhibitory effect upon the replication of wildtype viruses ex vivo and in vivo remains to be determined, our preliminary result indicates that the potential antiviral activity of teicoplanin could be applied for the treatment of 2019-nCoV virus infection.
-- Teicoplanin potently blocks the cell entry of 2019-nCoV. biorxiv. 2020-02-13. | |
| it | develop | antiviral drug for 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Given the high infectious rate and the lack of effective treatment for 2019-nCoV, it is quite urgent to develop an efficient antiviral drug for 2019-nCoV.
-- Teicoplanin potently blocks the cell entry of 2019-nCoV. biorxiv. 2020-02-13. | |
| 26 | achieved | results in treatment of patients with 2019-nCoV infection (count: 1) | |
| 26] achieved remarkable results in the treatment of patients with 2019-nCoV infection with remdesivir.
-- Clinical characteristics of 50466 patients with 2019-nCoV infection. medrxiv. 2020-02-23. | |
| pilot study | showed | potential effect in treatment of COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| In conclusion, this pilot study on CP therapy showed a potential therapeutic effect and low risk in the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19-related interventional clinical trials | have emerged | area (count: 1) | |
| Recently, many COVID-19-related interventional clinical trials have emerged in China, the original and high-incidence area of COVID-19 1 .
-- Appealing for Efficient, Well Organized Clinical Trials on COVID-19. medrxiv. 2020-03-07. | |
| antiviral agents | be used for | treatment of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| However, in our prediction, they may also bind to the replication complex components of 2019-nCoV with an inhibitory potency with Kd < 1000 nM. In addition, we also found that several antiviral agents, such as Kaletra, could be used for the treatment of 2019-nCoV, although there is no real-world evidence supporting the prediction.
| |
| antiviral agents | be confirmed | effective for SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Anti-viral treatment has been listed in protocols issued by the Chinese National Health Commission (NHC), however, these antiviral agents have yet to be confirmed effective for SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| self-administered actions | reduce | transmissibility of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Thus, control measures as well as self-administered protective actions are crucial to reduce the transmissibility of COVID-19 and thus mitigate the outbreak size and prevent for further burden.
| |
| IL-6 COVID-19 therapy | has | has used in clinical trial (count: 1) | |
| Notably, the IL-6 monoclonal antibody-directed COVID-19 therapy has been used in clinical trial in China (No.
| |
| antiviral tests | investigate | possible function in SARS-CoV-2 invasion (count: 1) | |
| The antiviral tests were performed to investigate the possible function of CD147 in SARS-CoV-2 invasion for host cells.
-- SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein. biorxiv. 2020-03-14. | |
| it | develop | antiviral drug against COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, it is urgent to develop a specific antiviral drug against COVID-19.
-- SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein. biorxiv. 2020-03-14. | |
| specific antiviral drug development | is in | treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, this route provides a novel target, with a good druggability, for specific antiviral drug development in the treatment of COVID-19.
-- SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein. biorxiv. 2020-03-14. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RdRP gene | are targets of | two antiviral drugs (count: 1) | |
| Notably, the SARS-CoV-2 RdRP gene and IAV NA gene that we targeted in our study are also the targets of two antiviral drugs, Remdesivir and Oseltamivir.
-- Development of CRISPR as a prophylactic strategy to combat novel coronavirus and influenza. biorxiv. 2020-03-14. | |
| Remdesivir | is administered for | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Remdesivir is already administered for COVID-19 through compassionate use requests, and clinical trials for its use against COVID-19 have already started in the U.S.
-- Development of CRISPR as a prophylactic strategy to combat novel coronavirus and influenza. biorxiv. 2020-03-14. | |
| COVID-19-related events | using | self-administered questionnaires (count: 1) | |
| Information on demographic variables, the COVID-19-related events in the lives, knowledge of COVID-19 and the working status of family members (that is, HCWs) was collected using online self-administered questionnaires.
| |
| 111 ordinary COVID-19 patients | is in | arbidol group (count: 1) | |
| Of 98 ordinary COVID-19 patients in the favipiravir group, 57 had a fever and 60 had a cough; of 111 ordinary COVID-19 patients in the arbidol group, 65 had a fever and 64 had a cough.
-- reference not found! | |
| 35 COVID-19 patients | is in | arbidol group (count: 1) | |
| For ordinary COVID-19 patients, the time of fever reduction and cough relief in the favipiravir group was significantly shorter than that in the arbidol group (P < 0.0001).Of 42 COVID-19 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes in the favipiravir group, 28 had a fever and 25 had a cough; of 35 COVID-19 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes in the arbidol group, 24 had a fever and 23 had a cough.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | repositioning for | use as antiviral treatment (count: 1) | |
| Among candidate drugs to treat COVID-19, repositioning of old drugs for use as antiviral treatment is an interesting strategy because knowledge on safety profile, side effects, posology and drug interactions are well known [6, 7] .
-- reference not found! | |
| post-inclusion | is in | COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine only (count: 1) | |
| Percentage of patients with PCR-positive nasopharyngeal samples from inclusion to day6 post-inclusion in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine only, in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithomycin combination, and in COVID-19 control patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| publication | reported | activity of chloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 26 (count: 1) | |
| 23] [24] [25] Regarding COVID-19, a recent publication reported an activity of chloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 26 and another encouraged the use of chloroquine for patients with COVID-19 on the basis of unreported clinical results.
-- reference not found! | |
| ACE2 | is under | clinical trial for COVID-19 35 (count: 1) | |
| For example, human recombinant ACE2 has been proposed as a treatment and is under clinical trial for COVID-19 35 .
| |
| chloroquine phosphate | have | apparent efficacy against COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Besides, chloroquine phosphate was reported to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19 in a multicenter clinical trials 21 and had just been included in the latest edition of the guidelines for China.
| |
| screening | find | antiviral leads against COVID-19 virus (count: 1) | |
| https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.26.964882 doi: bioRxiv preprint drug design, virtual screening and high-throughput screening proved to be an efficient 210 strategy to find antiviral leads against COVID-19 virus.
-- Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors. biorxiv. 2020-03-10. | |
| progression | concentrations of | NO administered during phases of COVID-19 infection (count: 1) | |
| We hypothesize that high concentrations of inhaled NO administered during early phases of COVID-19 infection can prevent the progression of the disease.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein | mediates | viral entry into host cells (count: 1) | |
| The SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein mediates viral entry into host cells and therefore represents a prime target for drug and vaccine development (17, 18) .
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | maintains | viral replication (count: 1) | |
| CoV. Using Vero E6 cells, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 maintains similar viral replication 65 kinetics as SARS-CoV following a low dose infection.
-- reference not found! | |
| Vero E6 cells | explore | viral replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Our initial studies infected Vero E6 cells using a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) to 75 explore the viral replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 relative to SARS-CoV. Following infection, 76
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | shows | 93 reduction in viral replication (count: 1) | |
| In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 shows a significant 93 reduction in viral replication following IFN-I treatment.
-- reference not found! | |
| our data | guiding | design of antiviral agents specific targeting to 35 SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Complemented by in vitro binding 33 studies, our data provide several atomic resolution features of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid 34 protein N-terminal domain, guiding the design of novel antiviral agents specific targeting to 35 SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| structure | also guide | design of 257 novel antiviral agents specific targeting to SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| The structure not only help us to understand the RNA-binding mechanisms 256 between severe infectious coronavirus with mild infectious one, but also guide the design of 257 novel antiviral agents specific targeting to SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| antiviral drugs | is with | confirmed efficiency on COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Due to the lack of antiviral drugs with confirmed efficiency on COVID-19, it is possible that some immunological parameters could be used as additional indicators to properly assess the virus activity and the needs for prolonged quarantine in asymptomatic patients.
-- Clinical Characteristics on 25 Discharged Patients with COVID-19 Virus Returning. medrxiv. 2020-03-10. | |
| We | evaluate | efficacy of corticosteroid in treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia (count: 1) | |
| We aimed to evaluate the definite efficacy and safety of corticosteroid in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
| |
| COVID-19 | be treated with | antivirals (count: 1) | |
| Additionally, many allied health workers had inaccurate knowledge that COVID-19 can be treated with antivirals and that there is a vaccine available.
-- Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers. medrxiv. 2020-03-13. | |
| flu | are | used for treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Although both flu and anti-HIV drugs are used currently in China for treatment of COVID-19, and chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for treatment of malaria, has recently found to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against 79] ; nevertheless more studies are required to standardize these therapies.
| |
| immunomodulation | is in | patients with severe COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Although there was no clinical evidence to support the use of glucocorticoids [8] , whether early use of thymosin and gamma globulin for immunomodulation in patients with severe and critical COVID-19 can reduce cytokine storms, reduce clinical symptoms and improve prognosis requires further exploration.
-- A retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in 26 children. medrxiv. 2020-03-10. | |
| iNO gas | antiviral activity against | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Due to similarities with the Coronavirus responsible for SARS and COVID-19, we hypothesize that in addition to improve the oxygenation of the severe cases, iNO gas retains potent antiviral activity against 2019-nCoV responsible for SARS-CoV-2.
| |
| Outcome reporting | is in | protocols of clinical trials of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Outcome reporting in protocols of clinical trials of COVID-19 is inconsistent.
-- Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. medrxiv. 2020-03-08. | |
| aim | provide | list of outcomes for clinical trials of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The aim of this review was to provide a list of outcomes for clinical trials of COVID-19, both interventions of Traditional Chinese Medicine and western medicine were considered.
-- Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. medrxiv. 2020-03-08. | |
| all | antiviral effects against | RNA viruses against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-like and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2, H9N2), Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against the recent novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
| |
| Vero E6 cells | were | infected with 2019-nCoV in treatment of doses of antivirals (count: 1) | |
| a Vero E6 cells were infected with 2019-nCoV at an MOI of 0.05 in the treatment of different doses of the indicated antivirals for 48 h. The viral yield in the cell supernatant was then quantified by qRT-PCR.
| |
| we | evaluated | antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection (count: 1) | |
| To this end, we evaluated the antiviral effect of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison to CQ in vitro.
-- reference not found! | |
| role | is in | antiviral responses against emerging bat-borne RNA viruses such filoviruses including recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| As IRF3 deleted cell lines from other bat species become available, it will be interesting to identify species-specific adaptations and the role of S185 in antiviral responses against emerging bat-borne RNA viruses, such as filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses, including the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| SERMs | offer candidate drugs for | 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV 2 (count: 1) | |
| Altogether, network-predicted SERMs (such as toremifene and equilin) offer candidate repurposable drugs for 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | showcased | three candidate drug combinations for 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV (count: 1) | |
| 5a, Table 1 ), we showcased three network-predicted candidate drug combinations for 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| antivirals | have | have evaluated in SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Other antivirals have been evaluated in SARS-CoV-2 as the polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, a nucleotide analog (currently in clinical trials against Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2), alone or in combination with chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosome acidification, with interesting results (Wang et al.,
-- reference not found! | |
| role | is in | antiviral responses 289 against emerging bat-borne RNA viruses such filoviruses including recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| As IRF3 deleted cell lines from other bat species become available, it will 288 be interesting to identify species-specific adaptations and the role of S185 in antiviral responses 289 against emerging bat-borne RNA viruses, such as filoviruses, paramyxoviruses and 290 coronaviruses, including the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2.
-- Positive Selection of a Serine Residue in Bat IRF3 Confers Enhanced Antiviral Protection. iScience. 2020-03-27. | |
| sofosbuvir | has | has proposed as antiviral for SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Interestingly, sofosbuvir has recently been proposed as an antiviral for the SARS-CoV-2 based on the similarity between the replication mechanisms of the HCV and the coronaviruses 14 .
-- reference not found! | |
| others | have | have listed for clinical trials against 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| A number of novel compounds as well as therapeutics licensed for other conditions appear to have in vitro efficacy against the 2019-nCoV. Some are being tested in clinical trials against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, while others have been listed for clinical trials against 2019-nCoV. However, there are currently no effective specific antivirals or drug combinations supported by high-level evidence.
-- Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| studies | encompass | investigation of antivirals for 2019-nCoV patients (count: 1) | |
| The remaining four studies encompass investigation of antivirals, interferon atomization, darunavir and cobicistat, arbidol, and remdesivir usage for 2019-nCoV patients (Table 5) .
-- Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| chloroquine | inhibit SARS-CoV-2 with | EC 50 (count: 1) | |
| Recent study showed that with EC 50 of 1.13 µmol/L and SI greater than 88, chloroquine can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in the cell level.
-- reference not found! | |
| antiviral agents | treat | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| In the meantime we need to make great efforts to develop antiviral agents to treat COVID-19 as well.
| |
| antivirals | decrease | COVID-19 mortality (count: 1) | |
| Effective therapeutics and antivirals are urgently needed to decrease COVID-19 mortality.
-- Science in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020. | |
| chloroquine phosphate | is treatment for | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| At the time of preparation of this manuscript, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the China-Japan Friendship Hospital had launched a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical trial in Wuhan to test the effectiveness of remdesivir as an antiviral drug against 2019-nCoV, [12, 13] and studies have already shown that chloroquine phosphate is an effective treatment for COVID-19. [
-- Science in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020. | |
| United States | was | case of COVID-19 treated with remdesivir for progression (count: 1) | |
| The first case of COVID-19 in Washington, the United States was compassionately treated with intravenous remdesivir for the progression of pneumonia on day 7 of hospitalization [24] .
-- Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-06. | |
| findings | encourage | potential in treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Of note, in the mouse model of SARS-CoV infection, the remdesivir-resistant SARS-CoV lost less weight and had a more evident decline in pulmonary viral loads by four days after infection than wild-type SARS-CoV, indicative of attenuated pathogenicity of remdesivir-resistant SARS-CoV. The above findings indicate a high genetic barrier for remdesivir to develop resistance, decreased fitness and pathogenicity in the remdesivir-resistant mutants, and further encourage the therapeutic potential of remdesivir in the treatment of newly emerging COVID-19.
-- Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-06. | |
| evidence | supporting | potential of remdesivir for infections caused by conronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Those in vitro and animal data provide preliminary evidence supporting the clinical potential of remdesivir for human infections caused by contemporary and emerging conronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
-- Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-06. | |
| two randomized clinical trials | is in | treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| reduction of pulmonary viral load in a murine model of SARS-CoV infection, potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, acceptable safety profile of parenteral remdesivir therapy in two case reports, and a randomized trial of Ebola virus disease, the clinical use of remdesivir in the cases of COVID-19 are highly anticipated; two randomized clinical trials of parenteral remdesivir therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 in China may open the window of effective antiviral therapy for such an epidemic infectious disease.
-- Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-06. | |
| goal | demonstrate | antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus (count: 1) | |
| The goal of this study is to demonstrate the antiviral activity of LH against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and its potential effect in regulating host immune response.
-- reference not found! | |
| safety | efficacy of | remdesivir for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients (count: 1) | |
| However, the efficacy and safety of remdesivir for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients need to be assessed by further clinical trials.
-- reference not found! | |
| LH | antiviral potency against | SARS-CoV-2 virus (count: 1) | |
| Here we demonstrated that LH also has a comparable antiviral potency against the SARS-CoV-2 virus with an IC50 value of 411.2 μg/mL (Fig.
-- reference not found! | |
| chloroquine interference | is with | SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle (count: 1) | |
| Here we discuss the possible mechanisms of chloroquine interference with the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle.
-- New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-12. | |
| antiviral effects | repurposing drug in | therapy of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Because the world is threatened by the possibility of a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the broad-spectrum antiviral effects of chloroquine warranted particular attention for repurposing this drug in the therapy of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
-- New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-12. | |
| trials | are testing chloroquine as | anti-COVID-19 therapy (count: 1) | |
| Currently, at least ten clinical trials are testing chloroquine as an anti-COVID-19 therapy [55] .
-- New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-12. | |
| site | suggesting | possible action of chloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Using non-human coronavirus, it was shown that the intracellular site of coronavirus budding is determined by the localisation of its membrane M proteins that accumulate in the Golgi complex beyond the site of virion budding [67] , suggesting a possible action of chloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 at this step of the replication cycle.
-- New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-12. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 crosstalk | be | altered by chloroquine through inhibition (count: 1) | |
| Obviously, it can be hypothesised that SARS-CoV-2 molecular crosstalk with its target cell can be altered by chloroquine through inhibition of kinases such as MAPK.
-- New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-12. | |
| chloroquine inclusion | is in | SARS-CoV-2 treatment guidelines (count: 1) | |
| According to preliminary reports [50,51] from the Chinese authorities suggesting that approximately 100 infected patients treated with chloroquine experienced a more rapid decline in fever and improvement of lung computed tomography (CT) images and required a shorter time to recover compared with control groups, with no obvious serious adverse effects, the Chinese medical advisory board has suggested chloroquine inclusion in the SARS-CoV-2 treatment guidelines.
-- New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-12. | |
| ACE2 | is necessary for | viral entry of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| ACE2, a receptor for 2019-nCoV, is necessary for the viral entry of 2019-nCoV. The ubiquitous expression of ACE2 in various cells, such as lung AT2 cells, esophagus upper, stratified epithelial cells, and absorptive enterocytes of ileum and colon may contribute to the multi-tissue infection of 2019-nCoV [22] .
-- The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future. Microbes and Infection. 2020-03-31. | |
| nelfinavir | potential antiviral activity against | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, there is another option: a systematic and largescale screening of existing drugs to see whether they have activity against the 2019-nCoV. Recently drug screening found that nelfinavir has potential antiviral activity against 2019-nCoV. In addition, pitavastatin, perampanel, and praziquantel might also have moderate activities against 2019-nCoV [39] .
-- The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future. Microbes and Infection. 2020-03-31. | |
| antiviral remdesivir | are | effective in control of 2019-nCoV infection (count: 1) | |
| Another report showed that the broad-spectrum antiviral remdesivir and chloroquine are highly effective in the control of 2019-nCoV infection in vitro.
-- The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020-02-26. | |
| suddenness | seriousness of | ~ 200 clinical trials on COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Considering the seriousness and suddenness of the COVID-19 outbreak, ~200 clinical trials on COVID-19 have commenced in China, and it is promising to report that certain targets and their agents have displayed strong antiviral potential, of which some have been permitted to be used in an attempt to combat the disease in clinical trials.
-- reference not found! | |
| it | inhibit strongly | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The results from evaluating the antiviral efficiency of remdesivir against a clinical isolate of COVID-19 in vitro suggest that it could inhibit COVID-19 strongly with an EC50 ranging from 0.77 to 1.76 μM [3] .
-- reference not found! | |
| Tocilizumab | is administered in | treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Tocilizumab is administered intravenous experimentally in the treatment of COVID-19 in China and Italy with encouraging results [7] .
-- reference not found! | |
| clinical trials | evaluate | safety in treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| 1 However, randomised clinical trials are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19.
-- Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020-02-27. | |
| showing | activity of | chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Indeed, following the very recent publication of results showing the in vitro activity of chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 [3] , data have been reported on the efficacy of this drug in patients with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia at different levels of severity [4, 5] .
-- Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-04. | |
| 2019-nCoV-induced lung injury | is in | except setting of clinical trial (count: 1) | |
| In accordance with current WHO guidance, 2 Russell and colleagues 1 recommend that corticosteroids should not be used in 2019-nCoV-induced lung injury or shock, except in the setting of a clinical trial.
-- On the use of corticosteroids for 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The Lancet. 2020-03-06. | |
| studies | assess | antiviral medications for COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| While studies underway to assess antiviral medications for COVID-19 have begun, supportive care is the best available therapeutic option.
-- Long-Term Care Facilities and the Coronavirus Epidemic: Practical Guidelines for a Population at Highest Risk. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2020-03-13. | |
| Ran domised clinical trials | is in | treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Ran domised clinical trials for lopinavir/ ritonavir (ChiCTR2000029308) and intravenous remdesivir (NCT04257656, NCT04252664) in treatment of COVID-19 are currently in progress.
| |
| remdesivir | could Apart from | could choices of antiviral drugs for COVID-19 treatment (count: 1) | |
| Apart from the above, lopinavir/ritonavir, nucleoside analogues, neuraminidase inhibitors, remdesivir, and peptide EK1 could also be the choices of antiviral drugs for COVID-19 treatment [50] .
-- reference not found! | |
| 91 | discuss | options including 92 use of chloroquine in management of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| We 91 discuss the latest options in antiviral therapy and vaccine development, including the novel 92 use of chloroquine in the management of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| 388 | has | has identified as potential drug for treatment of COVID-19 389 (count: 1) | |
| Similarly, baricitinib -a Janus kinase inhibitor -has 388 been identified through machine learning 60 as a potential drug for the treatment of COVID-19 389 by inhibiting the endocytosis of SARS-CoV-2 into pulmonary cells.
-- reference not found! | |
| studies | have identified chloroquine as | candidate drugs for treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Recent studies have identified remdesivir and chloroquine 50 as strong candidate drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| clinical trial | assess | efficacy in patients with COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| However, a randomized multicentre controlled clinical trial is currently underway to assess the efficacy and safety of abidole in patients with COVID-19 (ChiCTR2000029573).
-- World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery. 2020-04-30. | |
| current anti-SARS-CoV-2 approach | is in | clinical trials (count: 1) | |
| Thus, successful demonstration of the efficacy of this current anti-SARS-CoV-2 approach in clinical trials would pave the way for use of the decoy cell platform to address a large number of unmet medical needs in the clinic as we seek to protect populations from viral, parasitic, fungal and bacterial diseases.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | agent of are | need for antiviral agent (count: 1) | |
| With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of (COVID-19), we are in a need for an effective antiviral agent to be able to halt the current outbreak.
-- Remdesivir as a possible therapeutic option for the COVID-19. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2020-03-05. | |
| aim | summarize | evidence regarding chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence regarding chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19.
-- A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Journal of Critical Care. 2020-03-10. | |
| Methods | searched for | studies on use of chloroquine in patients with COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and three trial Registries were searched for studies on the use of chloroquine in patients with COVID-19.
-- A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Journal of Critical Care. 2020-03-10. | |
| articles | providing information on | efficacy of chloroquine in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (count: 1) | |
| We performed a systematic review of the PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to 1-March-2020 to find articles providing information on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine and chloroquinerelated formulations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and articles describing related in-vitro studies.
-- A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Journal of Critical Care. 2020-03-10. | |
| it | develop | COS for clinical trials on COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Hence, it is necessary to develop a COS for clinical trials on COVID-19 (COS-COVID), which is the aim of this study.
-- reference not found! | |
| evaluation | is in | clinical trials on COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Researchers are encouraged to apply the COS-COVID for the evaluation of different interventions (either pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical therapies) in clinical trials on COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| Outcomes | adopted in | protocols clinical trials COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Outcomes adopted in the protocols of clinical trials on COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| antiviral treatment | has | has used for COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| As far as treating patients is concerned, antiviral treatment has been used for COVID-19.
| |
| broad-spectrum antiviral drugs | have | have evaluated against COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery.
-- COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research. 2020-03-16. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 patients | conduct | clinical trials (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were also used to conduct randomized clinical trials (46, 49, 50) .
-- COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research. 2020-03-16. | |
| antiviral drugs | is in | protocols for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia (count: 1) | |
| Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have now been permanently included, alongside antiviral drugs, in protocols for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia [10] .
-- reference not found! | |
| work | recommends | blood purification for treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection (count: 1) | |
| This work recommends artificial-liver blood purification for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection who exhibit cytokine storm and rapid disease progression, as confirmed by lung imaging.
-- reference not found! | |
| chloroquine | inhibit effectively | SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Then remdesivir and chloroquine have been demonstrated to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 effectively in vitro [63] .
-- Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2020-03-05. | |
| We | compare | arbidol treatment for patients with COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| We aimed to compare arbidol and lopinavir/ritonavir(LPV/r) treatment for patients with COVID-19 with LPV/r only.
-- reference not found! | |
| studies | evaluate | efficacy of antiviral nucleoside for COVID-19 treatment (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, clinical studies are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this antiviral nucleoside for COVID-19 treatment.
-- reference not found! | |
| FPV | is treatment for | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The finding of the preset study confirms the hypotheses conceived from the laboratory finding: that FPV is effective treatment for COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | encourage | investigation of antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Based on our experience of teicoplanin usage in the treatment of infectious diseases, we encourage further investigation of the antiviral effect of this molecule on SARS-CoV-2 and suggest teicoplanin as another potential alternative for the treatment of COVID-19 disease.
-- Teicoplanin: an alternative drug for the treatment of coronavirus COVID-19?. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-13. | |
| clinical trials | have | have registered in treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia (count: 1) | |
| Till now, several clinical trials have been registered on safety and efficacy of tocilizu mab in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in adult inpatients , including a mult icenter, rando mized controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of tocilizu mab in the treat ment of novel coronary pneumonia (NCP) (Ch iCTR2000029765), a single arm open mu lticenter study on tocilizu mab (Ch iCTR2000030796), and comb ination of tocilizu mab and other drugs (Ch iCTR2000030442 and ChiCTR2000030894).
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | be susceptible to | emergence of antiviral resistance (count: 1) | |
| Furthermore, the high viral load on presentation suggests that SARS-CoV-2 could be susceptible to emergence of antiviral resistance.
-- reference not found! | |
| hydroxychloroquine treatment | is associated with | load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| Despite its small sample size our survey shows that hydroxychloroquine treatment is significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients and its effect is reinforced by azithromycin.
-- reference not found! | |
| combination | has | has recommended for treatment of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| At present, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) combination, which was previously confirmed effective in SARS-Cov and MERS-Cov, has been recommended for the treatment of 2019-nCoV in the latest guideline.
-- Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A brief perspective from the front line. Journal of Infection. 2020-02-25. | |
| combination | be treatment for | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| As for monoclonal antibody (mAb), several researches showed that the combination of RDV and mAb would likely to be the ideal treatment for 2019-nCoV. Tian et al.
-- Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A brief perspective from the front line. Journal of Infection. 2020-02-25. | |
| Antibodies | should have | potential for treatment of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Antibodies effective at inhibiting SARS-CoV infection should also have the potential for treatment of 2019-nCoV as well, as long as the binding motif in RBD shares the same sequences.
-- Measures for diagnosing and treating infections by a novel coronavirus responsible for a pneumonia outbreak originating in Wuhan, China. Microbes and Infection. 2020-03-31. | |
| clinical trials | have shown | 33 effective against COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Few clinical trials in 32 China have shown chloroquine phosphate, an aminoquinoline used in malaria treatment, to be 33 effective against COVID-19 at a dose of 500 mg/d [3].
-- reference not found! | |
| antivirals | are | are evaluated for activity against SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| 48 367 There are currently no antiviral medications approved by the US Food and Drug 368 Administration for treatment of COVID-19, although broad-spectrum antivirals used in animal 369 models of MERS are being evaluated for activity against SARS-CoV-2.
-- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020-02-24. | |