| COVID-19 | has spread rapidly | identified (count: 2) | |
|---|---|
| 1, 2 COVID-19 has spread rapidly since it was first identified in Wuhan and has been shown to have a wide spectrum of severity.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 has spread rapidly since it was first identified in Wuhan and has been shown to have a wide spectrum of severity as SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors in 10-20 fold higher affinity than SARS-CoV binds to the same receptors.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV | of number is | R0 (count: 2) | |
| We present estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, of 2019-nCoV in the early phase of the outbreak.
| |
| While many epidemiological features of 2019-nCoV still need to be resolved, there are many features of transmission that align more with MERS-CoV then SARS-CoV. The reproductive number (R0) of 2019-nCoV (approx.[3][4], is higher than SARS-CoV (approx.
| |
| COVID-19 | is contagious than | SARS (count: 2) | |
| However, COVID-19 is more contagious than SARS and MERS [20] .
-- SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein. biorxiv. 2020-03-14. | |
| COVID-19 is apparently more contagious than SARS and, without protection, people can be easily infected by close contact.
| |
| key properties | will determine | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 2) | |
| Two key properties will determine further spread of 2019-nCoV. First, the basic reproduction number R 0 describes the average number of secondary cases generated by an infectious index case during the early phase of the outbreak.
-- Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019-nCoV. biorxiv. 2020-01-24. | |
| Two key properties will determine further spread of 2019-nCoV. Firstly, the basic reproduction number R 0 describes the average number of secondary cases generated by an infectious index case in a fully susceptible population, as was the case during the early phase of the outbreak.
-- Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020 Jan 30. | |
| coordination | contain | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 2) | |
| International collaboration and coordination will be crucial in order to contain the spread of 2019-nCoV. At this stage, particular attention should should be given on the prevention of superspreading events, while the rapid establishment of sustained transmission chains from single cases cannot be ruled out.
-- Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019-nCoV. biorxiv. 2020-01-24. | |
| International collaboration and coordination will be crucial in order to contain the spread of 2019-nCoV. At this stage, particular attention should be given to the prevention of possible rare but explosive superspreading events, while the establishment of sustained transmission chains from single cases cannot be ruled out.
-- Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020 Jan 30. | |
| COVID-19 | of number is | R0 (count: 2) | |
| The aim of this study is to estimate basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19 in Iran.
-- reference not found! | |
| Accordingly, in this study, we estimated the reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 in the early stage of outbreak on the ship and made a prediction of daily new cases for the next ten days.
-- reference not found! | |
| control measures | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 2) | |
| This study shows that the drastic control measures implemented in China have substantially mitigated the spread of COVID-19.
-- The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| We do not yet know how this epidemic will unfold, and how effective infection prevention and control measures will be at staving off the spread of COVID-19 into long-term care facilities.
-- Long-Term Care Facilities and the Coronavirus Epidemic: Practical Guidelines for a Population at Highest Risk. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2020-03-13. | |
| transmission | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 2) | |
| Five asymptomatic patients were found in this study, one patients (C'4) who infected three family members (C92, C94 and C102) provide evidence that the asymptomatic transmission risks the spread of COVID-19, which brings more difficult to cut off the epidemic's transmission route.
| |
| The zoonotic transmission of COVID-19 from wildlife to humans led to a Chinese ban on wildlife trade; however, the rapid spread of COVID-19 shows a systematic and expeditious transmission between humans [2] .
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | has spread throughout | China (count: 2) | |
| As of February 28, 2020, COVID-19 has spread throughout China with nearly 80,000 confirmed cases and affected at least 51 countries and territories worldwide [1] .
-- reference not found! | |
| Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has rapidly spread throughout China and also involved many other countries in spite of the global effort to prevent its spread.
-- reference not found! | |
| median | is with | 95 % CI of R0 of COVID-19 (count: 2) | |
| Conclusion: The median with 95% CI of R0 of COVID-19 was about 2.28 (2.06-2.52) during the early stage experienced on the Diamond Princess cruise ship.
-- reference not found! | |
| We estimated that the median with 95% CI of R0 of COVID-19 was about 2.28 (2.06-2.52) during the early stage experienced on the Diamond Princess cruise ship.
-- reference not found! | |
| We | forecasted | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 2) | |
| We forecasted the national and global spread of 2019-nCoV, accounting for the effect of the metropolitan-wide quarantine of Wuhan and surrounding cities, which began Jan 23-24, 2020.
| |
| We forecasted the spread of 2019-nCoV both within and outside of mainland China.
| |
| R0 = | is with | 100 % susceptibility for 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| The intrinsic growth rate (γ) of the exponential growth was estimated, and the basic reproduction number could be obtained by R0 = 1/M(−γ) with 100% susceptibility for 2019-nCoV at this early stage.
| |
| We | estimated | mean R0 of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| We estimated the mean R0 of 2019-nCoV ranging from 2.24 (95%CI: 1.96-2.55) to 3.58 (95%CI: 2.89-4.39) if the reporting effort has been increased by a factor of between 8-and 2-fold after the diagnostic protocol released on January 17, 2020 and many medical supplies reached Wuhan.
| |
| COVID-19 | has spread in | regions (count: 1) | |
| Pandemic COVID-19, caused by a beta-coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 first identified in Wuhan, China [1] , has spread rapidly, particularly in temperate regions in the northern hemisphere [2] .
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | be contagious during | incubation periods (count: 1) | |
| The incubation period of 2.0% (n=19 and 20 for male and female adults, respectively) of the total cases was 0-day, while some cases were transmitted by having contacts with Covid-19 patients who had not developed symptom onset yet, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 might be contagious (i.e., is shedding virus) during incubation periods, and these patients could be more susceptible to this virus.
-- reference not found! | |
| migration | accelerated | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| As an important transportation center, the migration of Wuhan accelerated the wide spread of 2019-nCoV across mainland China.
-- The impact of traffic isolation in Wuhan on the spread of 2019-nCov. medrxiv. 2020-02-05. | |
| Wuhan | resulting in | widespread propagation of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Wuhan closed the city, resulting in the widespread propagation of 2019-nCoV in Wenzhou.
-- The impact of traffic isolation in Wuhan on the spread of 2019-nCov. medrxiv. 2020-02-05. | |
| health measures | control | spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus (count: 1) | |
| Employing lessons learned from the SARS outbreak, extraordinary public health measures were launched to control spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
-- Clinical Features of Patients Infected with the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Shanghai, China. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| COVID-19 | has spread to | 26 countries (count: 1) | |
| Since its first emergence in Wuhan city in late December 2019, COVID-19 has already spread to 26 countries.
-- Acute Myocardial Injury of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019. medrxiv. 2020-03-08. | |
| COVID-19 | has spread to | provinces (count: 1) | |
| However, as many cases had "escaped" from Wuhan before the lockdown, COVID-19 has spread to most provinces.
-- Strongly heterogeneous transmission of COVID-19 in mainland China: local and regional variation. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| it | make | assessment of spread of 2019-nCoV situation (count: 1) | |
| Obviously, it is still necessary to make a new assessment of the spread of the 2019-nCoV epidemic situation, which has important practical significance for the research, judgment and prevention of the epidemic situation.
| |
| Background | is With | spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan to other areas of country (count: 1) | |
| Background With the spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan, Hubei Province to other areas of the country, medical staff in Fever Clinics faced the challenge of identifying suspected cases among febrile patients with acute respiratory infections.
| |
| COVID-19 | such as disinfection is | 206 especially for highly contagious diseases with 207 potential aerosol risk (count: 1) | |
| For which to monitor the environment and to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection, 206 especially for highly contagious diseases or pathogenic microorganisms with a 207 potential aerosol risk, such as COVID-19.
| |
| measures | control | 51 spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Since then, various measures have been implemented to control the 51 spread of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| movement | caused spread During | 2019-nCoV transmission (count: 1) | |
| During the 2019-nCoV transmission, the movement of individuals in the I and E status caused a rapid spread of the epidemic.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 | has | 50 spread over 118 countries (count: 1) | |
| In terms of higher human-to-human transmissibility, SARS-CoV-2 has 50 spread over 118 countries and areas, and led to over 125,288 confirmed cases 51 worldwide and at least 4,614 deaths, as of March 12 th 2020.
-- reference not found! | |
| ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 | spread in | mainland (count: 1) | |
| In mid-December 2019, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 broke out in Wuhan and spread rapidly in the mainland of China (80813 cases, updated through March 12, 2020) .
-- reference not found! | |
| we | compared | MTB infection rate within COVID-19 cases (count: 1) | |
| We then determined the MTB infection status of each patient by examining their clinical history and by performing X.DOT-TB IGRA assays (Table 1) To determine if MTB infection is a risk factor specific for COVID-19 pneumonia, or for pneumonia in general, we compared the MTB infection rate within these COVID-19 cases with data from a case-series comprised of 115 bacterial pneumonia and 62 viral pneumonia patients obtained from another study conducted in Shenyang (unpublished) ( Figure 1A ); MTB infection rates were considerably higher among COVID-19 patients than among bacterial pneumonia patients (36.11% vs 20%; p = 0.047 Figure 1A ) and viral pneumonia patients (36.11% vs 16.13%; p = 0.024),
-- Active or latent tuberculosis increases susceptibility to COVID-19 and disease severity. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| COVID-19 | spread out at | moment (count: 1) | |
| Finally, the estimated number of total infected cases on Jan. 20th in five regions are all significantly larger than one, suggesting the COVID-19 has already spread out nationwide at that moment.
-- Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling. medrxiv. 2020-02-18. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | spread at | speed (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread to other regions of China along with more than 150 other countries, at a speed that is much higher than the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2) .
-- reference not found! | |
| R0 | is | reproduction number of COVID-19 estimated (count: 1) | |
| The Reff(t) is the effective reproduction number, and Reff(t) = R0[N -C(t)]/N, where C(t) is the cumulative number of cases at the t-th day and R0 is the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 to be estimated.
| |
| COVID-19 outbreak | has spread across | China (count: 1) | |
| The COVID-19 outbreak has spread widely across China since December 2019, with many other countries affected.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | spread across | metapopulation (count: 1) | |
| First, we simulated the COVID-19 spread across a metapopulation, where each population represented a city across China.
-- reference not found! | |
| chance | containing | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The lessons drawn from China provide robust evidence and provide a preparation window and fighting chance for containing the spread of COVID-19 in other regions around the World.
-- reference not found! | |
| contact | has role in | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| First, they support and validate the idea that population movement and close contact has a major role in the spread of COVID-19 within and beyond China, 3,14 indicating the global risk of a pandemic via travellers infected with this virus.
-- reference not found! | |
| facing | potential spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| From a public health standpoint, our results highlight that countries facing potential spread of COVID-19 should consider proactively planning NPIs and relevant resources for containment, given how the earlier implementation of NPIs could have lead to significant reductions in size of the outbreak in China.
-- reference not found! | |
| We | estimated | COVID-19 spread under population contact rates (count: 1) | |
| We estimated the COVID-19 spread under different population contact rates after lifting inter-city travel restrictions across the country on Feburary 17, 2020. .
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | has spread to | areas (count: 1) | |
| 4 The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has rapidly spread from Wuhan to other areas.
-- reference not found! | |
| recent study | forecast | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| A recent study 10 used air passenger data and social medium data to forecast the spread of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan and other major Chinese cities.
-- Spatially Explicit Modeling of 2019-nCoV Epidemic Trend based on Mobile Phone Data in Mainland China. medrxiv. 2020-02-11. | |
| R0 | is | reproduction number of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Here, the R0 is the basic reproduction number of COVID-19.
| |
| implementation | controlling | spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Our findings agree with observational and modelling studies (2,7) that find that early implementation of strong social distancing is essential for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and that, in the absence of the development of new therapies or preventative measures, such as aggressive case finding and quarantining (13) , intermittent distancing measures may be the only way to avoid overwhelming critical care capacity while building population immunity.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | believe given | widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| However, given the widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2, we believe that elimination is unlikely.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | believe | COVID-19 spread has occurred in regions (count: 1) | |
| As COVID-19 spread has occurred in many regions globally, we believe our study provides an important tool to inform public health decisions regarding travel restriction and social distancing in these regions according to their public health capacity to maintain an effective contact tracing, quarantine and isolation procedure.
| |
| COVID-19 epidemic | spread during | stage (count: 1) | |
| The reason for this is that the COVID-19 epidemic had spread across the country during this stage.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | spread throughout | country (count: 1) | |
| This outcome shows that as the COVID-19 epidemic began to spread throughout the country after January 20, 2020, the public eased their concerns and fears caused by their uncertainty toward and ignorance of the epidemic and responded to the COVID-19 epidemic with a more objective attitude.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV | detection of is | need due to 37 spread of NCP patients 6 (count: 1) | |
| Rapid and accurate detection of 2019-nCoV is in urgent need due to the 37 rapid spread and increasing number of NCP patients 6 .
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 | spread in | humans (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread in humans by transmitting through the 317 respiratory tract.
| |
| COVID-19 | spread at | level (count: 1) | |
| We 199 concluded that at the provincial level, the COVID-19 spread more quickly than the 200 SARS did.
| |
| variations | prevent | widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| According to a study of geographic variation in the SARS-CoV-2 basic reproduction number across China, seasonal variations in absolute humidity will be insufficient to prevent the widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (26) .
-- Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the post-pandemic period. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| seasonal variation | is in | SARS-CoV-2 R0 (count: 1) | |
| The seasonality factor represents the amount of seasonal variation in the SARS-CoV-2 R0 relative to the other human betacoronaviruses.
-- Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the post-pandemic period. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| seasonality factor | indicates | variation in R0 for SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| A seasonality factor of 1 indicates equal seasonal variation in R0 for SARS-CoV-2 as for the other human betacoronaviruses.
-- Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the post-pandemic period. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| we | understand | spread risk of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| To understand the spread risk of 2019-nCoV from Wuhan into other cities via domestic population movement, we aggregated daily outflows of people from Wuhan to other cities across mainland China for the two weeks (the quarantine period of the virus) prior to the cordon sanitaire of Wuhan.
| |
| air passengers | have spread 2019-nCoV Beyond | cases (count: 1) | |
| Beyond the cases that have occurred in China, air passengers have spread 2019-nCoV across countries and continents within a short time period [28, 29] .
| |
| analysis | is warranted Given | contagious capacities of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Given the high contagious and pathogenic capacities of SARS-CoV-2 and high incidence of liver damage, an analysis with liver function in COVID patients is urgently warranted.
-- Clinical Features of COVID-19 Related Liver Damage. medrxiv. 2020-02-27. | |
| 2019-nCoV | has spread to | fifteen countries (count: 1) | |
| As of 29 January 2020, the 2019-nCoV has spread to fifteen countries including Asia-Pacific region (Thailand, Japan, The Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Vietnam, Singapore, and Australia), United Arab Emirates, France, Germany, Canada and the United States with 6065 confirmed cases, in which 5997 reported from China 8 .
| |
| We | propose | model for spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| We propose a tailored model for the epidemic spread of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | been | has spread around world (count: 1) | |
| Currently, COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been widely spread around the world; nevertheless, so far there exist no specific antiviral drugs for treatment of the disease, which poses great challenge to control and contain the virus.
-- SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein. biorxiv. 2020-03-14. | |
| seasonality | potential spread for | 290 COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Temperature and latitude analysis to predict potential spread and seasonality for 290 COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| it | develop | 17 vaccine against contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 18 coronavirus (count: 1) | |
| To ultimately combat the emerging COVID-19 pandemic, it is desired to develop an 17 effective and safe vaccine against this highly contagious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 18 coronavirus.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV | spread to | regions (count: 1) | |
| 2019-nCoV rapidly spread to national regions and multiple other countries, thus, pose a serious threat to public health.
| |
| 2019-nCoV | can spread to | human (count: 1) | |
| Like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV can spread from the human to human and cause fever, severe respiratory illness, and a series of unidentified pneumonia disease (Chan et al.,
| |
| Wuhan | prevent | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| In order to prevent the further spread of 2019-nCoV, Wuhan began to close the city from 10:00 on January 23, banning all vehicles from entering and leaving the city.
-- When will the battle against novel coronavirus end in Wuhan: a SEIR modeling analysis. medrxiv. 2020-02-18. | |
| we | prevent | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| To prevent the spread of COVID-19 through droplets or contact, we used a online-based survey via the WeChat-based survey programme Questionnaire Star to collected data.
| |
| affecting | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Here, we studied the main factors affecting the spread of COVID-19, such as the number of .
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | spread throughout | China (count: 1) | |
| Since December 2019, COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China and worldwide.
| |
| hospital emergency plan | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| At the beginning of this new epidemic crisis, the missing or insufficient hospital emergency responsive plan caused rapid spread of COVID-19 and high mortality in severe COVID-19 patients.
| |
| 2019-nCoV outbreak | spread rapidly | 8 (count: 1) | |
| The 2019-nCoV outbreak started in Wuhan, and then spread rapidly to other provinces and countries 7, 8 .
-- Distribution of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic and Correlation with Population Emigration from Wuhan, China. medrxiv. 2020-02-12. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | is contagious than | SARS-CoV (count: 1) | |
| 5, 6 Illness onset among rapidly increasing numbers of COVID-19 in China and globe indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious than both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 leads to acute viral exudative pneumonia, with multiple organ damages, especially in lung, presenting bilateral diffuse alveolar damage with cellular fibromyxoid exudates.
-- reference not found! | |
| International travel | has facilitated | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| International travel has facilitated the spread of COVID-19 throughout the world.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | Can spread as | site (count: 1) | |
| and 3) Can COVID-19 spread through the ocular route or present as the primary infected site?
| |
| 150 | is hub for | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The present study simulates the impact of COVID-19 on the local health system by a 148 prediction of the number of hospitalized individuals, and consequently provides a tool for policy 149 decision makers to plan the needs of healthcare services in providing people living in an area that 150 is an international hub for the spread of COVID-19, mainly for other countries in South America.
-- Expected impact of COVID-19 outbreak in a major metropolitan area in Brazil. medrxiv. 2020-03-17. | |
| Therapies | combat | spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Therapies to combat the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the lethality caused by the resulting COVID-2019 are currently focusing primarily on S, the viral spike protein 3,25,26 .
| |
| COVID-19 | has spread With | infectivity (count: 1) | |
| With the unknown mighty infectivity, COVID-19 has spread rapidly, confirmed cases were reported in Wuhan, Hubei
-- reference not found! | |
| mitigation | slow | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Public health and healthcare experts agree that mitigation is required in order to slow the spread of COVID-19 and prevent the collapse of healthcare systems.
-- reference not found! | |
| great | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| • Despite the total number of confirmed cases and the death are increasing, the spread of COVID-19 has shown a great slowing down in China within the two weeks from January 27 to February 10 as shown by 88.0% and 86.8% reductions in the reproduction number R 0 among the 30 provinces and the 15 cities in Hubei, respectively.
-- Tracking and Predicting COVID-19 Epidemic in China Mainland. medrxiv. 2020-02-20. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | continues | spread globally (count: 1) | |
| As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread globally, more epicentres may emerge outside China.
| |
| 2019-nCoV | spread in | world (count: 1) | |
| The 2019 novel conronavirus, or 2019-nCoV, recently caused a major pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China and has spread to at least 20 countries in the world.
| |
| medRxiv preprint those | can spread virus in | COVID-19 virus test (count: 1) | |
| https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.24.20027474 doi: medRxiv preprint those without clinical symptoms can still spread the virus even if they are 'officially negative' in the COVID-19 virus test [22] .
-- Estimate the incubation period of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). medrxiv. 2020-02-29. | |
| COVID-19 | has | potential spread via transmission (count: 1) | |
| From either estimate, we conclude that COVID-19 has substantial potential to spread via human-to-human transmission.
-- Real-Time Estimation of the Risk of Death from Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection: Inference Using Exported Cases. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| model | impact on | possible future spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Here we use data on seasonal variation in prevalence of seasonal CoVs in Sweden and model the impact of this variation on the possible future spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
-- Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. medrxiv. 2020-02-17. | |
| We | explore | scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 spread in regions (count: 1) | |
| We also explore different scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 spread in temperate and tropical regions and show how variation in epidemiological parameters affects a potential pandemic and the possibility of transitioning to an endemic state.
-- Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. medrxiv. 2020-02-17. | |
| strength | could of | could relevance to spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| The strength of variation of the transmission rate through the year could be of high relevance to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 and following years.
-- Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. medrxiv. 2020-02-17. | |
| explore | scenarios of | SARS-CoV-2 spread around globe (count: 1) | |
| The analysis of seasonal CoV prevalence patterns allowed us to constrain parameter ranges and explore different scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 spread around the globe, in particular in temperate climates like Northern Europe.
-- Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. medrxiv. 2020-02-17. | |
| We | report on | possible influence of variation on spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| We report on the possible influence of seasonal variation on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Northern Hemisphere, in a pandemic scenario.
-- Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. medrxiv. 2020-02-17. | |
| we | estimated | R0 of NCP infected with 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| In this study, we estimated the R0 of NCP infected with 2019-nCoV nationwide, and found that the R0 was 4.5, which means an average of 4.5 secondary cases generated by a primary case in the early stage.
-- Time-varying transmission dynamics of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in China. biorxiv. 2020-02-13. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 genome | expected | spread differently (count: 1) | |
| The SARS-CoV-2 genome is different from that of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, although also expected to spread differently according to meteorological conditions.
-- Role of temperature and humidity in the modulation of the doubling time of COVID-19 cases. medrxiv. 2020-03-08. | |
| it | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| According to all models, temperature increases the doubling time, which means that it delays the spread of COVID-19.
-- Role of temperature and humidity in the modulation of the doubling time of COVID-19 cases. medrxiv. 2020-03-08. | |
| focus | assess | relationship between rate of spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The main focus of this work was to assess the relationship between the rate of spread of COVID-19 and some meteorological variables, which determines the type of model adopted.
-- Role of temperature and humidity in the modulation of the doubling time of COVID-19 cases. medrxiv. 2020-03-08. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 surveillance | slowing | widespread transmission (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is essential to slowing widespread transmission.
-- CRISPR-based surveillance for COVID-19 using genomically-comprehensive machine learning design. biorxiv. 2020-03-02. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | for index is | R0 (count: 1) | |
| On Jan.24,2020,Jonathan M. Read 3 estimated the basic reproduction index(R0) for SARS-CoV-2 to be between 3.6 and 4.0,then and COVID-19 would outbreak further both in other Chinese cities and in international travel destinations sucn as Thailand,Japan,Taiwan,Hong Kong and South Korea at an sharply increasing rate.
-- Prediction of the Epidemic of COVID-19 Based on Quarantined Surveillance in China. medrxiv. 2020-02-29. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | is contagious As | coronavirus (count: 1) | |
| As a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious probably owing to the virus spread through asymptomatic-infected individuals 6 .
-- Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| COVID-19 disease | has spread in | months (count: 1) | |
| The COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly in the first months of the 2020 and the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 11 th of March declared a global pandemic [1] .
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | is | contagious disease (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 is a strong contagious acute respiratory disease, the course of development is fast, the symptom such as patients with high fever, difficulty breathing [1] [2] [3] 5] , there is no specific medicine, treatment is more suit the support is given priority to, appear easily in patients with anxiety and panic, and hospitalization after strict isolation environment cannot receive relatives and friends of emotional support, message block, prone to pessimism and despair, often have a lot of psychological pressure, was in a state of crisis, the urgent need for psychological support and intervention.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | reflect | rate of spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| From these data we calculated basic reproduction number R0 to reflect the rate of spread of COVID-19 in these cities.
-- Association of Population Migration and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic Control. medrxiv. 2020-02-20. | |
| connection | would affect | pattern of spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Overall, population migration and social connection would affect the pattern of the spread of COVID-19.
-- Association of Population Migration and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic Control. medrxiv. 2020-02-20. | |
| model | estimate | effect on spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Very recently in , an existing discrete time, stochastic model ) was employed to estimate the "effect of travel restrictions on the spread" of COVID-19.
-- Prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak based on a realistic stochastic model. medrxiv. 2020-03-13. | |
| measures | have | impact on spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| These non-negligible measures have a significant impact on the spread of COVID-19.
-- Prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak based on a realistic stochastic model. medrxiv. 2020-03-13. | |
| Fever | is widespread amongst | those infected with COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| 11 Fever is less widespread amongst those infected with COVID-19 than those with SARS-CoV (99%) and MERS-CoV (98%).
| |
| COVID-19 pandemic | has spread on | 6 continents (count: 1) | |
| The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has now spread to more than 100 countries on 6 continents.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | basic reproductive number of be | 2.2 CI (count: 1) | |
| Studies indicate the basic reproductive number of COVID-19 was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9).
| |
| COVID-19 | spread in | January 2020 (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 started to spread in January 2020.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | simulate | spread of COVID-19 incidence (count: 1) | |
| Here we use a metapopulation model applied at county resolution to simulate the spread and growth of COVID-19 incidence in the continental United States.
-- reference not found! | |
| depicting | spread of | SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| This iterated filtering (IF)-EAKF framework has been used to infer parameters in a large-scale agent-based model for antimicrobial-resistant pathogens 9 , as well as a metapopulation model depicting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in China 1 .
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | displays | contagious infectiousness (count: 1) | |
| Unlike SARS-CoV, the SARS-CoV-2 displays a highly contagious infectiousness even during the asymptomatic period 12 .
-- Clinical features and outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| transmission | basic reproductive number of | SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| We then investigate a deterministic (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) SEIR compartmental model based on the clinical progression of the disease, epidemiological status of the individuals, and the intervention measures to inferred the basic reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 and the transmission among Wenzhou and three prefecture-level cities.
| |
| we | provide | assessment of transmission dynamics of future spread of COVID-19 rights (count: 1) | |
| In this study, we provide an assessment of the transmission dynamics and predictions of the future spread of COVID-19 All rights reserved.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 epidemic | has spread outside | China (count: 1) | |
| The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has rapidly spread outside China with major outbreaks occurring in Italy, South Korea and Iran.
-- An emergent clade of SARS-CoV-2 linked to returned travellers from Iran. biorxiv. 2020-03-17. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | spread in | 2020 (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 emerged by the end of 2019 to rapidly spread in 2020.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | spread across | population (count: 1) | |
| Mathematical models can help us understand how SARS-CoV-2 would spread across the population and inform control measures that may mitigate future transmission.
| |
| 2019-nCoV | is contagious than | others 5 (count: 1) | |
| Although the early cases indicate the illness is less severe than other coronaviruses like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the evidences of rapid human-tohuman transmission indicates that 2019-nCoV is more contagious than others 5 .
| |
| network models | predict | spread of epidemic of COVID-19 coronavirus 11 12 (count: 1) | |
| In the last few days network based SIR-type models were also used to predict the spread of ongoing epidemic of COVID-19 coronavirus 11, 12 .
| |
| measures | stop | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Unprecedented measures were taken in Wuhan to stop the spread of COVID-19.
| |
| advice | prevent | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Thus, an accurate prediction of the epidemic trend of COVID-19 may provide valuable advice on how to effectively prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 to relieve the major social and economic impacts of this disease.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | model | spread of 2019-nCoV epidemic (count: 1) | |
| In this work we model both the domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV epidemic.
-- The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. medrxiv. 2020-02-11. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | spread In | months (count: 1) | |
| In the following months, SARS-CoV-2 quickly spread throughout China and even other countries [5] [6] [7] [8] .
| |
| support | aiding in | control of spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| China has taken active and effective actions to provide medical support for aiding in the control of the rapid spread of COVID-19.
-- Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020-03-10. | |
| GP | experience VT during | spread of COVID-19 pandemic (count: 1) | |
| 7 In this regard, the study proposes that medical staff, volunteers, and the GP will more or less experience VT during the spread and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
| |
| GP | experienced VT under | situation of spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The results showed that FLNs, nFLNs and the GP have experienced VT under the situation of the spread of COVID-19.
| |
| propaganda strategies | be well-organized during | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| This notion suggests that during the spread and control of COVID-19, propaganda strategies should be well-organized and effective.
| |
| specialist treatment team members | prevent | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The specialist treatment team members work closely with the NCPPCH and Health Commission of Henan Province to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19.
-- From Isolation to Coordination: How Can Telemedicine Help Combat the COVID-19 Outbreak?. medrxiv. 2020-02-23. | |
| 7 | spread of | COVID-19 infection (count: 1) | |
| Although the spread of COVID-19 infection is exponential 7 , and the number of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Israel has increased from 195 cases on March 14th 2020 to 529 patients on March 19th noontime 8 , it has yet to reach the vast majority of Israel's population.
-- reference not found! | |
| describe | trend of | COVID-19 spread in detail (count: 1) | |
| Then we applied the proposed method to the COVID-19 using the public available data in mainland China beyond Hubei Province from the China CDC during the period of Jan 29th, 2020, to Feb 29th, 2020, and describe the trend of the COVID-19 spread in detail in Section 3.
-- reference not found! | |
| R0 | using incidence during | 23 days of COVID-19 Algeria (count: 1) | |
| In order to predict the cumulative incidence (cases number) of COVID-19 Algerian epidemic in the coming weeks we used the mathematical model (Alg-COVID-19) defined as: The approach implemented to estimate the basic reproduction numbers (R0) in this model is to calculate the average R0 using the real chronological incidence (case number) during the first 23 days of the COVID-19 Algeria epidemic between February 25 and March 19, 2020, so that, we used the equation (3) derived from the equation (1).
-- reference not found! | |
| countries | are suffering from | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| As of March 6, 2020, the number of cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 has reached 100,000 worldwide, and some countries such as Korea, Japan, Italy, and Iran are also suffering from the rapid spread of COVID-19 [4, 7, 8] .
| |
| government | inhibit | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| To inhibit the spread of COVID-19 as quickly as possible, the Chinese government took actions rapidly and implemented a series of strategies [5, 6, 9] To better understand and estimate the effects of Chinese strategies on controlling .
| |
| COVID-19 | had spread with | cases (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 had also spread to other 50 country with the confirmed cases and deaths were 4,696 and 67 respectively, by the end of February 27, 2020.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 epidemic | spread as of | February 27 2020 (count: 1) | |
| The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is still rapidly growing and spread to more than 42 countries as of February 27, 2020.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | avoid | spread of epidemic (count: 1) | |
| To prevent and control SARS-CoV-2 infection, continue the long-term standard management of children with CKD, better serve children with CKD and avoid the spread of the epidemic, we conducted an anonymous online questionnaire survey in collaboration with the 12 largest pediatric nephropathy diagnosis and treatment centers in China.
| |
| involvement | is in | spread of COVID-19 up to now (count: 1) | |
| However, there are only five studies published on preprint hubs discussed the involvement of meteorological conditions in the spread of COVID-19 up to now, and they all focused on data from China without model validation or prediction.
-- reference not found! | |
| quarantine protocols | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Our analyses once again clearly indicated that stringent quarantine protocols can largely reduce the spread of COVID-19 both within Hubei and outside Hubei.
-- An epidemiological forecast model and software assessing interventions on COVID-19 epidemic in China. medrxiv. 2020-03-03. | |
| considerable complexity | is in | COVID-19 virus spread dynamics (count: 1) | |
| Given the considerable complexity in the COVID-19 virus spread dynamics and potentially inaccurate information of quarantine measures as well as likely under-reported proportions of infected and recovered cases and deaths, it is of critical importance to quantify and report uncertainty in the forecast.
-- An epidemiological forecast model and software assessing interventions on COVID-19 epidemic in China. medrxiv. 2020-03-03. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | leading to | spread in China (count: 1) | |
| The more efficient cleavage of S1 and S2 units of the spike glycoprotein (25) and efficient binding to ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 (22, 27) may have allowed SARS-CoV-2 to jump to humans, leading to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in China and the rest of the world.
-- reference not found! | |
| interventions | affected | COVID-19 spread in China (count: 1) | |
| It remains unclear how these unprecedented interventions, including travel restrictions, have affected COVID-19 spread in China.
-- The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| interventions | spread of | SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Questions remain over how these interventions affected the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to locations outside of Wuhan.
-- The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| control measures | limit | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Intensive control measures, including travel restrictions, have been implemented to limit the spread of COVID-19 in China.
-- The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 outbreak | is causing | widespread infections (count: 1) | |
| The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is causing widespread infections and significant mortality.
-- Clinical outcomes of 402 patients with COVID-2019 from a single center in Wuhan, China. medrxiv. 2020-03-10. | |
| 2019-nCoV | causes symptoms with | contagious characteristic (count: 1) | |
| The 2019-nCoV causes symptoms similar to SARS based on recent clinical data [5, 6] , and is capable of spreading from human to human and between cities, with very contagious characteristic [11] .
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV epidemic | has spread across | China (count: 1) | |
| The 2019-nCoV epidemic has spread across China and 24 other countries 1-3 as of February 8, 2020 .
-- Healthcare-resource-adjusted vulnerabilities towards the 2019-nCoV epidemic across China. medrxiv. 2020-02-12. | |
| sleep problems | wide-spread transmission of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Thus, it was reasonable to hypothesize that wide-spread transmission of COVID-19 could causes sleep problems in Chinese and result in PTSS.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia | has spread from | Wuhan (count: 1) | |
| 2 The SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia has rapidly spread from Wuhan to 21 other countries, including the United States, Japan, Italy and Germany 3, 4 , demonstrating high levels of infectivity and pathogenicity. [
| |
| we | forecast | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Here, we forecast the spread of COVID-19 in the US beginning March 2020 using a networkdriven epidemic dynamics model that accounts for domestic interstate mobility across the country (Figure 1 ).
-- reference not found! | |
| Panel | shows | dynamics of COVID-19 spread in US (count: 1) | |
| Panel (a) shows the dynamics of COVID-19 spread in the US, highlighting the temporal evolution of infected population ( ) state-by-state sorted by the earliness of the arrival of local epidemic peak.
-- reference not found! | |
| Panel | maps | spread pattern of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Panel (b) maps the spread pattern of COVID-19 by showing a time series of continental US map wherein each state is colored according to the local infected fraction.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | performed | modelling study on COVID-19 spread across US (count: 1) | |
| In this work, we performed a modelling study on the COVID-19 epidemic spread across the US using the epidemiological parameters observed from China.
-- reference not found! | |
| factors | involved in | spread SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (count: 1) | |
| Understanding the underlying factors involved in the successful spread of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus is critical to manage the timing and scale of the social, economic, and political reactions to it.
-- Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus likely to be constrained by climate. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| made | contributions to | prevention of spread of COVID-19 infection (count: 1) | |
| Scientists have also actively researched and explored the etiology, genomics, transmission dynamic of COVID-19 and made due contributions to the prevention and control of the spread of COVID-19 infection.
| |
| policy | delaying | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| We also test whether this policy succeeds in delaying the spread of COVID-19 using a 14-day rolling window analysis between January 19 and February 15.
| |
| studies | have examined | effect on spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Several recent studies have examined the effect of population movement on the spread of COVID-19 (Zhan et al.,
| |
| y ct | is number of | new cases of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| where c is a city other than Wuhan, y ct is the number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19
| |
| we | number of | new cases of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| January 19, 2020 is the first day that COVID-19 cases were reported outside of Wuhan, so we collect the daily number of new cases of COVID-19 for 303 cities from January 19 to February 15.
| |
| we | calculate | number of new cases of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| For the explanatory variables, we calculate the number of new cases of COVID-19 in the preceding first and second weeks for each city on each day.
| |
| we | calculate | sum of number of COVID-19 new cases in other cities (count: 1) | |
| To estimate the impacts of new COVID-19 cases in other cities on a city's own COVID-19 new case, we first calculate the geographic distance between a city and all other cities using the latitudes and longitudes of the centroids of each city, and then calculate the weighted sum of the number of COVID-19 new cases in all other cities using the inverse of log distance between a city and each of the other cities as the weight.
| |
| we | calculate | number of COVID-19 new cases in Wuhan (count: 1) | |
| Since the COVID-19 outbreak starts from Wuhan, we also calculate the weighted number of COVID-19 new cases in Wuhan using the inverse of log distance as the weight.
| |
| we | merge variables with | number of new cases of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| To merge the meteorological variables with the number of new cases of COVID-19, we first calculate daily weather variables for each city on each day from 2019 December to 2020 February from station-level weather records following the inverse-distance weighting method.
| |
| we | match weather variables to | number of new cases of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Second, we match the daily weather variables to the number of new cases of COVID-19 based on city name and date.
| |
| COVID-19 transmission characteristics | produced | infection rate of 66 % (count: 1) | |
| The COVID-19 transmission characteristics assumed in our model produced an unmitigated infection rate of 66%, which included both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, and a basic reproduction number of 2.2.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | is spread by | transmission (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 is spread by human-to-human transmission through droplet, feco-oral, and direct contact and has an incubation period of 2-14 days [6] .
-- Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers. medrxiv. 2020-03-13. | |
| data | basic reproductive number of | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Then we estimate the model parameters and the basic reproductive number of 2019-nCoV, on the basis of the latest official confirmed infected data in the mainland China.
-- Simulating the infected population and spread trend of 2019-nCov under different policy by EIR model. medrxiv. 2020-02-12. | |
| COVID-19 | has spread around | world (count: 1) | |
| As COVID-19 has spread around the world, we anticipate our method can be adapted in modelling the spread and help public health authorities make policy decisions.
-- A deterministic epidemic model for the emergence of COVID-19 in China. medrxiv. 2020-03-10. | |
| COVID-19 | spread to | Hubei Province (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan in January 2020, and spread to the whole Hubei Province, the rest of China and abroad with astonishing speed.
| |
| findings | explain | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| These findings explain the rapid geographic spread of COVID-19 and indicate containment of this virus will be particularly challenging.
| |
| model | captures | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| In addition, the best-fitting model captures the spread of COVID-19 to other cities in China ( Figure S9 ).
| |
| infections | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| This finding indicates that contagious, undocumented infections facilitated the geographic spread of COVID-19 within China.
| |
| suppression | reduces | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Indeed, suppression of the infectiousness of these undocumented cases in model simulations reduces the total number of documented cases and the overall spread of COVID-19 (Figure 2 ).
| |
| all | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Further, general population and government response efforts have increased the use of face masks, restricted travel, delayed school reopening and isolated suspected persons, all of which could additionally slow the spread of COVID-19.
| |
| fatality rates | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19
-- reference not found! | |
| data-driven analysis | is in | early phase of estimate of R0 for 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| -nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the estimate of R0 for the 2019-nCoV ranges from 2.24 to 3.58, and is significantly larger than 1.their findings indicate the potential of 2019-nCoV to cause a secreted protein with an alphahelix, following with a beta-sheet(s) containing six strands.
-- reference not found! | |
| virus preventions | controlling | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Implications of our results suggest that in addition to the origin of the outbreak, virus preventions are of crucial importance in provinces with the largest migrant workers percentages (e.g., Jiangxi, Henan and Anhui) to controlling the spread of 2019-nCoV.
| |
| interventions | spread of | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Among existing research, most argues that those interventions have effectively halted the spread of the 2019-nCoV [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] .
| |
| results | control | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Given an average incubation period of 10 days, those results support the argued effectiveness of the travel restrictions to control the spread of 2019-nCoV, which took place in multiple cities of Hubei on January 23.
| |
| 2019-nCoV | spread of been | control (count: 1) | |
| Thus, the growth rates of confirmed cases are of a more random nature in all provinces thereafter, implying that the spread of 2019-nCoV has been under control.
| |
| 2019-nCoV | can spread from | human-to-human (count: 1) | |
| The high affinity of 2019-nCoV S for human ACE2 may contribute to 101 the apparent ease with which 2019-nCoV can spread from human-to-human(1), however 102 additional studies are needed to investigate this possibility.
-- Cryo-EM Structure of the 2019-nCoV Spike in the Prefusion Conformation. biorxiv. 2020-02-15. | |
| groups | reported | R0 of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| 9 Over the past month, several groups reported estimated R0 of COVID-19 and generated All rights reserved.
-- Phase adjusted estimation of the number of 2019 novel coronavirus cases in Wuhan, China. medrxiv. 2020-02-23. | |
| COVID-19 epidemic | has spread across | 52 country (count: 1) | |
| Due to the Chinese Lunar New Year travel rush, the COVID-19 epidemic has gradually spread across 52 the country and even worldwide within a limited time frame 11 .
| |
| COVID-19 | has reached spread in | continents (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 has reached global spread in all continents except Antarctica and was defined to produces new dynamics during the outbreak 13,14 .
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV epidemic | spread as of | February 5 2020 (count: 1) | |
| The 2019-nCoV epidemic is still rapidly growing and spread to more than 20 countries as of February 5, 2020.
-- The Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is Highly Contagious and More Infectious Than Initially Estimated. medrxiv. 2020-02-11. | |
| coronavirus disease COVID-19 | has spread worldwide | reported (count: 1) | |
| Two months after it was firstly reported, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has already spread worldwide.
| |
| factors | susceptible to | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| province located in the south of China, has several important factors susceptible to the spread of COVID-19 into the city.
| |
| its amino acid sequence | is varied With | spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| With the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, its amino acid sequence is also significantly varied (Figure 3) .
-- reference not found! | |
| incompliance | Considering | contagious 277 nature of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Considering the extremely contagious 277 nature of the 2019-nCoV, a slight incompliance by even a small portion of the 278 population may have grave consequences and contribute to the continued exponential 279 increase of the outbreak cases.
| |
| COVID-19 disease | is by | far 24 more contagious than SARS (count: 1) | |
| Our computational study 23 therefore explains, from the molecular level, why the new COVID-19 disease is by far 24 more contagious than SARS.
| |
| COVID-19 | is | more 20 contagious faster (count: 1) | |
| Considering that a patient 18 can contain a higher level of new coronavirus during his or her incubation period which 19 is also longer than SARS, our simulation gives the insights about why COVID-19 is more 20 contagious and spread faster than SARS [11].
| |
| transmission | bring risk to | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The asymptomatic transmission exists and may bring more risk to the spread of COVID-19.
| |
| it | bring risk to | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Asymptomatic transmission demonstrated here warned us that it may bring more risk to the spread of COVID-19.
| |
| 2019-nCoV | elicits spread In | summary (count: 1) | |
| In summary, 2019-nCoV elicits a rapid spread of outbreak with human-to-human transmission, with a median incubation period of 3 days and a relatively low fatality rate.
-- Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. medrxiv. 2020-02-09. | |
| strategies | curb | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| When we are past the point of containing coronavirus, there is urgent need to develop new strategies to curb the spread of COVID-19 (1).
-- Evaluating the effect of public health intervention on the global-wide spread trajectory of Covid-19. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| interventions | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| In this section, we investigate whether comprehensive interventions can control the spread of COVID-19 and how interventions will reduce the peak time and the number, and the final total number of cases across the world.
-- Evaluating the effect of public health intervention on the global-wide spread trajectory of Covid-19. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| Traveller screening | limit | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Traveller screening is being used to limit further spread of COVID-19 following its recent emergence, and symptom screening has become a ubiquitous tool in the global response.
-- Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19. eLife.; 9:e55570. 2020-02-24. | |
| policy | combat | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| These findings can support evidence-based policy to combat the spread of COVID-19, and prospective planning to mitigate future emerging pathogens.
-- Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19. eLife.; 9:e55570. 2020-02-24. | |
| COVID-19 | has spread to | all (count: 1) | |
| The COVID-19 has then rapidly spread to all over China and the world.
-- The novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Global Health Research and Policy. 2020. | |
| COVID-19 epidemic | spread within | within China (count: 1) | |
| The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread within and outside of China, despite several social distancing measures implemented by the Chinese government.
-- Short-term Forecasts of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China: February 13–23, 2020. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| it | would become In | case of spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| In the case of further spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, it would soon become impossible to detect all imported cases and trace their contacts.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | spread to | hosts (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 transmitted to humans directly or spread to intermediate hosts such as bamboo rats, snakes, and pangolins through bats' saliva, urine, and feces.
-- Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. | |
| our province | prevent | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| To prevent the spread of COVID-19, our province suspended outpatient services and non-emergency surgeries of all levels of hospitals.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV infection | is contagious Since | its outbreak (count: 1) | |
| Since its initial outbreak, the 2019-nCoV infection is much more contagious than it was originally thought.
-- reference not found! | |
| alternatives | are required Due to | spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, affecting more than 70 countries, therapeutic alternatives are urgently required.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | expect Given | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Given the continued global spread of COVID-19, we expect that more hospitals will need to deal with this disease.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | characterised | three scenarios for spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Based on epidemiological factors, we characterised three sequential scenarios for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the EU/EEA (Figure) .
-- reference not found! | |
| Widespread sustained transmission | is with | overburdened healthcare system COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Widespread sustained transmission with overburdened healthcare system COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; EU/EEA: European Union/European Economic Area; SARS-CoV: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.until 23 February, the number of cases in the EU/ EEA was low and cases in Europe were either imported or part of well-defined transmission chains in Germany and France.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV | has | potential spread through droplets (count: 1) | |
| Thus, the 2019-nCoV has the potential to spread through droplets and aerosols from infected individuals in dental clinics and hospitals.
-- Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. International Journal of Oral Science. 2020. | |
| infection control strategies | prevent | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Effective infection control strategies are needed to prevent the spread of 2019-nCoV through these contact routines.
-- Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. International Journal of Oral Science. 2020. | |
| countries | is with | wide-spread COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Since the symptoms are similar to other respiratory infections, differential diagnosis in travellers arriving from countries with wide-spread COVID-19 must include other more common infections such as influenza and other respiratory tract diseases.
| |
| countries | is with | widespread occurrence of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Our results highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in travellers arriving from countries with widespread occurrence of COVID-19, considering the similarity of symptoms shared with more common respiratory infections, such as influenza and other respiratory tract diseases.
| |
| 2019-nCoV | has | R0 (count: 1) | |
| However, 2019-nCoV has potentially higher transmissibility (R0: 1.4-5.5) than both SARS-CoV (R0: [2] [3] [4] [5] and MERS-CoV (R0: <1) [7] .
-- Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| We | estimated | reproduction number R0 of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| We estimated the basic reproduction number R0 of 2019-nCoV to be around 2.2 (90% high density interval: 1.4-3.8), indicating the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission.
-- Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020 Jan 30. | |
| virus 2019-nCoV | has spread in | China (count: 1) | |
| The virus (2019-nCoV) has spread elsewhere in China and to 24 countries, including South Korea, Thailand, Japan and USA.
| |
| observation protocols | prevent | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Under this policy, medical institutes can adopt isolation treatment and observation protocols to prevent and control the spread of the COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV | is contagious during | 15 (count: 1) | |
| Unlike SARSr-CoV, 2019-nCoV is contagious during the latency period [15] .
| |
| COVID-19 | is widespread On | hand (count: 1) | |
| On the other hand, despite the heightened public awareness and impressively strong interventional response, the COVID-19 is already more widespread than SARS, indicating it may be more transmissible.
-- The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. Journal of Travel Medicine. 2020. | |
| 2019-nCoV | of spread is | 9 (count: 1) | |
| Initial reports indicated that human-to-human transmission of the virus was nonexistent or limited, however, it is now quite clear that efficient human-to-human transmission exists and is a requirement for the large-scale spread of 2019-nCoV [9] .
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | is | contagious pathogen (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious pathogen that predominantly causes pneumonic symptoms.
| |
| figures | trajectory of | spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| The case figures have demonstrated the upward trajectory of the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan and Hubei Province to all of China.
-- reference not found! | |
| it | is imperative Given | concerns about spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Given the concerns about the increasing spread of COVID-19, it is imperative that infection control and safety precautions be followed.
-- reference not found! | |
| it | is imperative Given | concerns about spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Given the concerns about the increasing spread of 2019-nCoV, it is imperative that infection control and safety precautions be followed.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | provide | estimation of R0 of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Using the existing data and the epidemic model incorporating these data, we provide an estimation of the R0 of COVID-19 during the early stage experienced on the Diamond Princess cruise ship.
-- reference not found! | |
| R0 | reflected | transmissibility of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, the R0 in our study only reflected the human-to-human transmissibility of COVID-19, rather than a composite of zoonotic and human-level transmissibility.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | nosocomial spread of is | concern (count: 1) | |
| 18 In addition to family cluster infections due to human-to-human transmission, 19 nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-2 is a serious concern.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | can spread by | transmission (count: 1) | |
| According to the most recent research paper on the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection 52 , SARS-CoV-2 can spread rapidly by human-to-human transmission, this was consistent with observed protein-protein docking results of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and human ACE2, for both of ours and previous prediction 25 .
-- reference not found! | |
| they | found | mean of R0 for COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| 8 The authors of the review calculated the mean and the median of R0 estimated by the 12 studies and they found a final mean and median value of R0 for COVID-19 of 3.28 and 2.79, respectively, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 1.16.
-- COVID-19 R0: Magic number or conundrum?. Infectious Disease Reports. 2020. | |
| COVID-19 R0 | would exceed | number (count: 1) | |
| 8 According to these findings, the COVID-19 R0 would exceed the reproductive number estimated for SARS.
-- COVID-19 R0: Magic number or conundrum?. Infectious Disease Reports. 2020. | |
| efforts | spread of | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| However, we can hope that these efforts may delay the spread of 2019-nCoV, and provide us with sufficient time to develop effective vaccines and antiviral agents against the virus.
-- reference not found! | |
| study | estimated | basic reproductive number of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| The first study estimated the basic reproductive number (R 0 ) of 2019-nCoV to be 2.2, 1 much higher than the ideal control goal to be less than 1.
-- HRCT Imaging Features in Representative Imported Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. Precision Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| number | showed up With | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| With the spread of 2019-nCoV, an increasing number of patients showed up in the waiting list of 2019-nCoV screening.
-- HRCT Imaging Features in Representative Imported Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. Precision Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| we | contain | spread of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak (count: 1) | |
| As global community, we need solidarity instead of stigma or discrimination to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.
-- Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the corona virus disease 2019 epidemic. World J Clin Cases. 2020 Feb 26. | |
| strategies | curb | spread of COVID-19 epidemic (count: 1) | |
| In summary, strategies based on scientific evidence will be essential to curb the spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.
-- Science in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020. | |
| rapid international spread | is with | especially ability of SARS-CoV-2 spread from totally asymptomatic person (count: 1) | |
| With the ongoing MERS-CoV circulation in animal reservoir (dromedary camels) in the Arabian Peninsula and the continuing zoonotic spillover with 70% of cases resulting from nosocomial transmission [14] , the risk of emergence of COVID-19 within the same community would be overwhelming to the health-care infrastructure of the countries affected by MERS-CoV. This is a true concern with the already rapid international spread to 25 countries outside China, especially with the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to spread from a totally asymptomatic person [15] .
-- COVID-19 in the Shadows of MERS-CoV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health. 2020. | |
| steps | prevent | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Governments and public health authorities around the world have taken several steps to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 such as the introduction of a new legislation in England to protect the public by restricting or detaining those suspected of carrying the coronavirus [14] .
-- reference not found! | |
| studies | revealed | basic reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 3 8 9 (count: 1) | |
| Earlier studies based on susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered metapopulation and susceptible-infected-recovered-dead models revealed the number of potentially infected cases and the basic reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 3, 8, 9 .
-- Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in china by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses. Journal of Infection. 2020-02-26. | |
| We | describe | impact of news of 2019-nCoV spread on number (count: 1) | |
| We hereby describe the impact of the news of 2019-nCoV spread on the number of calls and response-related parameters of the major dispatch centre of the Emilia Romagna (ER) region and the measures taken in order to restore the service optimal efficiency.
-- reference not found! | |
| Most countries | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| 1 Most countries are likely to have spread of COVID-19, at least in the early stages, before any mitigation measures have an impact.
-- How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?. The Lancet. 2020-03-09. | |
| behaviour | control | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Individual behaviour will be crucial to control the spread of COVID-19.
-- How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?. The Lancet. 2020-03-09. | |
| interventions | are needed in | face of spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| However, in the face of global spread of COVID-19, effective interventions for severe cases of COVID-19 are urgently needed.
-- Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-06. | |
| analysis | suggested | spread of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Initial phylogenetic analysis of closely related viruses suggested highly linked personto-person spread of SARS-CoV-2 originating from mid-November to early December, 2019.
-- The value of early transmission dynamic studies in emerging infectious diseases. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020-03-11. | |
| Romania | cope with | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| As this unstable situation continues how will Romania cope with the spread of the COVID-19 by incoming travelers?
-- reference not found! | |
| fomites COVID-19 | has spread by | travelers (count: 1) | |
| Due to the high likelihood of virus transmission via large droplets, human interactions and fomites [1] COVID-19 has rapidly spread world-wide by travelers coming from the epicenter of the outbreak or from countries with reported cases.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV | spread before | actual clinical manifestations (count: 1) | |
| Even worse, 2019-nCoV is able to spread from one person to another even before any actual clinical manifestations, leading to "extremely challenging" conditions for detecting and isolating potential patients, which makes it more difficult to control the epidemic.
-- The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future. Microbes and Infection. 2020-03-31. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | is contagious than | viruses (count: 1) | |
| Although SARS-CoV-2 has some similarities with other coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious than other viruses among populations, which has caused more than 60,000 people infected worldwide within 2 months (Lu et al.,
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV | has spread throughout | China (count: 1) | |
| 1 2019-nCoV has spread throughout China and beyond.
-- Early lessons from the frontline of the 2019-nCoV outbreak. The Lancet. 2020-03-06. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 S | correlating with | spread among humans (count: 1) | |
| We show that SARS-CoV-2 S uses ACE2 to enter cells and that the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 S and SARS-CoV S bind with similar affinities to human ACE2, correlating with the efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 among humans.
-- Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Cell. 2020-03-09. | |
| COVID-19 | spread to | person (count: 1) | |
| Presently COVID-19 seems to spread from person to person by the same mechanism as other common cold or influenza viruses-ie, face to face contact with a sneeze or cough, or from contact with secretions of people who are infected.
-- COVID-19: what is next for public health?. The Lancet. 2020-02-28. | |
| COVID-19 | is contagious than | illnesses (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 is more contagious than these illnesses, spreads by human-to-human transmission via droplets, fecal or direct contact, and has an incubation period estimated at 1 to 14 days (usually 3 to 7 days).
-- The novel coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kidney International. 2020-03-07. | |
| US health care imaging facilities | be prepared for | incidence of new cases of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| US health care imaging facilities need to be prepared for the escalating incidence of new cases of COVID-19.
-- Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2020-02-19. | |
| pharmacists | played part in | prevention of spread of 2019-nCoV outbreak (count: 1) | |
| 5 At a professional level, while many doctors and nurses were fighting the uphill battle in the frontline, pharmacists at community settings also played an important part in the prevention of the spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak and contributed to the overall emergency management.
-- Community pharmacist in public health emergencies: Quick to action against the coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2020-02-12. | |
| cases | played role in | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Our findings indicated that imported cases via public transportation played an important role in the spread of COVID-19.
-- Spatial transmission of COVID-19 via public and private transportation in China. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2020-03-14. | |
| 2019-nCoV | spread across | country (count: 1) | |
| 2019-nCoV was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and quickly spread across the country ( Figure 1A ).
-- Unveiling the Origin and Transmission of 2019-nCoV. Trends in Microbiology. 2020-04-30. | |
| Measures | control | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Measures to control the spread of COVID-19 are similar to the general advice for preventing any respiratory viral illness.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 infection | spread in | mainland of China (count: 1) | |
| 12 Recently, the COVID-19 infection occurred and spread in the mainland of China, but the proportion of mild and asymptomatic cases versus severe and fatal cases for COVID-19 infection is currently still unknown that hampers realistic assessment of the virus's epidemic potential and complicates the outbreak response, 5 furthermore, the recent publications on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics mainly came from Wuhan, 6 , 7 , 13 the information about the imported city is exceedingly rare.
-- Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. Journal of Infection. 2020-02-27. | |
| COVID-19 | was declared Given | spread of virus (count: 1) | |
| Given the rapid spread of this virus with consequences on an international scale, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | has spread to | 113 countries (count: 1) | |
| Merely 3 months from the time it has first reported, COVID-19 has spread rapidly from its epicentre in Wuhan City to 113 countries outside of mainland China.
-- reference not found! | |
| measures | control | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Hospitals in all provinces and cities across China have taken effective measures to control the spread of 2019-nCoV.
-- What are we doing in the dermatology outpatient department amidst the raging of the 2019 novel coronavirus?. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2020-04-30. | |
| use | spread of | SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| 13 Training personnel on the correct use of these precautions is important because incorrect use may cause potential nosocomial infections and exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | spread to | 25 countries (count: 1) | |
| Since December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 has infected 73,230 people and caused 1871 deaths (case-fatality rate: 2.6%) and has spread to 25 countries, according to the State Council Information Office in Beijing, China (updated as of Feb. 17, 2020) [10] .
-- The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020-03-03. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | spread compared to | 97 (count: 1) | |
| found that SARS-CoV-2 S binding to ACE2 has approximately 10-to 20-fold higher affinity than SARS-CoV S, which can provide one explanation why SARS-CoV-2 has more human-to human spread compared to SARS-CoV [97] .
-- The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020-03-03. | |
| COVID-19 | spread within | community (count: 1) | |
| Once COVID-19 has begun to spread within a community, additional efforts to reduce the introduction of the virus into the building can include limiting visitors to the long-term care building.
-- Long-Term Care Facilities and the Coronavirus Epidemic: Practical Guidelines for a Population at Highest Risk. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2020-03-13. | |
| we | basic reproductive number of | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| In this modelling study, we first inferred the basic reproductive number of 2019-nCoV and the outbreak size in Wuhan from Dec 1, 2019, to Jan 25, 2020, on the basis of the number of cases exported from Wuhan to cities outside mainland China.
| |
| we | spread of | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Finally, we forecasted the spread of 2019-nCoV within and outside mainland China, accounting for the Greater Wuhan region quarantine implemented since Jan 23-24, 2020, and other public health interventions.
| |
| take-off | would contribute to | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Substantial epidemic take-off in these cities would thus contribute to the spread of 2019-nCoV within and outside mainland China.
| |
| World Health Organization | assessment of | risk of spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| With the increasing number of the cases, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the assessment of the risk of spread and impact of COVID-19 to very high at a global level on February 28, 2020 (Association, 2020 Lai et al.,
-- Genetic evolution analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus and coronavirus from other species. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2020-08-31. | |
| Department | containing | spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, in containing the spread of 2019-nCoV in health-care settings, the Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Union Hospital has drafted a guideline for 2019-nCoV-related prevention and control, including emergency intubation, preoperative evaluation and infection control in the operating rooms.
-- Anesthetic Management of Patients With Suspected or Confirmed 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection During Emergency Procedures. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2020-02-28. | |
| COVID-19 | spread to | country (count: 1) | |
| In summary, COVID-19 is high in prevalence and population is generally susceptible to such virus, and COVID-19 rapidly spread from a single Wuhan city to the entire country in just 30 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| Box | prevent | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Box 25 1 outlines general guidance to prevent spread of COVID-19 and protect our obstetric patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| Our data | support | scenario of spread of COVID-19 cases (count: 1) | |
| Our data support the scenario of a continuous spread of COVID-19 cases.
-- reference not found! | |
| bodies | preventing | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Various bodies including the WHO and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have issued advice on preventing further spread of COVID-19 [20, 24] .
-- World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery. 2020-04-30. | |
| 2019-nCoV outbreak | of spread is | 6 (count: 1) | |
| With more than 7700 cases and 170 deaths, up to Jan. 30th, 2020, in 20 countries (14 of which are in Asia), research from Asia can be expected to increase significantly due to the current spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak [6] , but also from countries in other continents, especially where already cases have been confirmed, as is the case of Australia (7), USA (5), Canada (3), France (5), Germany (4) and Finland (1), among others.
-- SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and now the 2019-novel CoV: Have we investigated enough about coronaviruses? – A bibliometric analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2020-02-29. | |
| COVID-19 | has spread within | 60 days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 has spread globally within 60 days with focus areas in Asia, Europe and the Middle East [2] .
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 viruses | spread by | droplets (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 viruses, mostly spread by large droplets, may remain viable on surfaces for up to 24 h, but will lose infectivity with disinfectants.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | is thought | spread mainly (count: 1) | |
| Like the flu, COVID-19 is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person between people who are in close contact with one another through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | has spread in | months (count: 1) | |
| The speed and extent by which COVID-19 has spread in 2 months are 12 unprecedented, beyond those of SARS, and this has been aided by its contagious nature and rapid spread via droplets and contact.
-- reference not found! | |
| staff | experience traumatization during | spread of COVID-19 pandemic (count: 1) | |
| In this regard, the study proposes that medical staff, volunteers, and the general public will more or less experience vicarious traumatization during the spread and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
-- Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020-03-10. | |
| propaganda strategies | be wellorganized during | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| This notion suggests that during the spread and control of COVID-19, propaganda strategies should be wellorganized and effective.
-- Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020-03-10. | |
| world | is taking | steps against spread of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Although the world is taking serious steps against the spread of 2019-nCoV, some individuals from developing nations either underestimate or are not fully aware of the risk of viral transmission to their community.
-- Novel coronavirus, poor quarantine, and the risk of pandemic. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020-02-11. | |
| clear communication | is in | terms of expected impact on spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Despite the development of the COVID-19 Risk Assessment for MGs tool, events continue to be cancelled without this risk assessment being done and without clear communication of justification in terms of the expected impact on the spread of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| health community | consider through | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The global public health community needs to consider the effects of MG cancellations on the future wellbeing of communities through economic recession or job losses, as well as through the spread, or otherwise, of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| it | is contagious disease | our knowledge of COVID-19 is developing (count: 1) | |
| While our knowledge of COVID-19 is still developing, it is a highly contagious disease that is thought to spread primarily from human to human through direct contact and inhalation of respiratory droplets.
-- Preparedness is essential for malaria-endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. 2020-03-17. | |
| measures | contain | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The SAARC leaders held a video conference on 15 March 2020 to discuss measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 in the region (GoI, 2020).
-- reference not found! | |
| Complex issues | leading to | spread COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Complex issues of governance and strict regulation complicated the initial response, leading to a wide spread of the COVID-19 among the passengers and crew.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV outbreak | reduce | spread of virus (count: 1) | |
| Consequently, the 2019-nCoV outbreak has led to implementation of extraordinary public health measures to reduce further spread of the virus within China and elsewhere.
-- A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet. 2020-02-21. | |
| COVID-19 | is spread by | droplets (count: 1) | |
| Current evidence suggests COVID-19 is spread by droplets and has an incubation period of 1-14 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| hospitalwide infection control measures | is in | response to spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| On January 10, 2020, the ED set up a designated clinic for enhanced surveillance, in addition to hospitalwide infection control measures in response to the spread of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | caused | widespread concern (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 seriously threatens human health, production, life, social functioning and international relations, and has caused widespread concern around the globe.
-- reference not found! | |
| crease | spread of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The return of people to work will possibly in-371 crease the spread of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | can spread in | areas (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 can spread explosively in local areas or worldwide.
-- reference not found! | |
| colleagues | reported | their experience with COVID-19 disease 1 with spread to 33 countries 4-8 (count: 1) | |
| colleagues reported in this journal their experience with COVID-19 disease 1 , the outbreak of which began in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China 2,3 with spread to 33 additional countries 4-8 as of the 21 st February 2020.
-- Novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19): The first two patients in the UK with person to person transmission. Journal of Infection. 2020-02-28. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | has spread over | world (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection has now spread quickly all over the world.
-- reference not found! | |
| estimates | place | R0 value of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Reliable estimates place the R0 value of the COVID-19 in 1.4-2.5, similar to the R0 of the coronavirus SARS at the beginning of the epidemic (2.2-3.7).
-- One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic. Medicina Clínica (English Edition). 2020-03-13. | |
| its R0 value | is | In phase of COVID-19 epidemic is estimated (count: 1) | |
| In this initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemic, its R0 value is being estimated from multiple assumptions and using complex mathematical models.
-- One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic. Medicina Clínica (English Edition). 2020-03-13. | |
| containment | mitigating | potential spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Because mitigating the potential spread of COVID-19 in Africa will require rapid detection and containment, the laboratory work streams of AFTCOR, Africa CDC, and WHO are working closely to expeditiously scale up diagnostic testing capacity linked to enhanced surveillance and monitoring-eg, at the beginning of February, only two countries in Africa had the diagnostic capacity to test for COVID-19.
-- Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast. The Lancet. 2020-03-20. | |
| we | recommend Based on | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Based on the recent spread of COVID-19 and the increasing chance that we will see more cases in the United States, we recommend that hospitals review their plans, assess whether they can rapidly and reliably implement their plans as designed, and modify their plans if needed based on their assessment.
-- Preparing for a Surge of Coronavirus Cases. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. 2020-03-07. | |
| questions | contain | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| To contain the spread of COVID-19, several pertinent questions need to be addressed.
-- Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures. The Lancet. 2020-03-17. | |
| manufacturing operations | stem | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| By late February 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak had rendered almost 9% of container shipping fleets inactive and Chinese manufacturing indices hit their lowest point since the Great Recession as a result of suspending the manufacturing operations to stem the spread of COVID-19 (Retaildive, 2020) .
-- reference not found! | |
| world | spread of | 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| As the world watches the rapid spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, it is important to reflect on the lessons that can be learned from this and previous emerging zoonotic viruses (EZV) in a comparative and analytic way.
-- From Hendra to Wuhan: what has been learned in responding to emerging zoonotic viruses. The Lancet. 2020-02-28. | |
| COVID-19 | feature of is | rapidity of spread due (count: 1) | |
| Another feature of COVID-19 common to SARS and MERS is the rapidity of global spread due to commercial air travel.
-- Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19): why global control is challenging?. Public Health. 2020-02-29. | |
| Efforts | reduce | infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Efforts should be taken to reduce the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 both in pregnant and perinatal period, and more intensive attention should be paid to pregnant patients.
-- Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Journal of Infection. 2020-03-05. | |
| confounder | is in | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| These data suggest that ACE1 D/I polymorphism may be regarded as a confounder in the spread of COVID-19 and the outcome of the infection in various European populations.
-- reference not found! | |
| virus 2019-nCoV | has spread across | China (count: 1) | |
| Then, the virus (2019-nCoV) has rapidly spread across China and to at least 23 countries, including Thailand, South Korea, Japan and USA. [
-- reference not found! | |
| importance | containing | spread of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| The importance of timely education and training of hospital staffs including physicians, nurses, laboratory personnel, ambulance paramedics, administrative and other staffs are crucial for containing the spread of the COVID-19.
-- Effective strategies to prevent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in hospital. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020-03-03. | |
| experiencing | widespread transmission of | 324 SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Obstetric providers should obtain a detailed travel history for all patients and should 323 specifically ask about travel in the past 14 days to areas experiencing widespread transmission of 324 SARS-CoV-2.
-- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020-02-24. | |