| serum cytokines | observed in | COVID-19 patients (count: 2) | |
|---|---|
| https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20033175 doi: medRxiv preprint which was consistent with the elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in COVID-19 patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| 16, 17 Hence, markedly elevated serum CRP level in non-survivors or patients with severe/critical illness in this study indicated excessive inflammatory response, which was consistent with raised serum pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in COVID-19 patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RBD | is shown in | stick representation (count: 2) | |
| A The SARS-CoV-2 RBD is shown in ribbon representation, glycan N343 is shown in stick representation, with the N-and Ctermini shown as spheres.
-- A Cryptic Site of Vulnerability on the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. biorxiv. 2020-03-17. | |
| A The SARS-CoV-2 RBD is shown in ribbon representation, glycan N343 is shown in stick representation, with the N-and C-termini shown as spheres.
-- A Cryptic Site of Vulnerability on the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. biorxiv. 2020-03-17. | |
| we | identify | 2019-nCoV T-cell based on protein antigen presentation (count: 1) | |
| Here we use computational tools from structural biology and machine learning to identify 2019-nCoV T-cell and B-cell epitopes based on viral protein antigen presentation and antibody binding properties.
-- reference not found! | |
| potential 2019-nCoV T-cell epitope candidates | based on | HLA antigen presentation scores (count: 1) | |
| potential 2019-nCoV T-cell epitope candidates based on HLA antigen presentation scores.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV point mutations | correlates with | MHC-I presentation regions (count: 1) | |
| 2019-nCoV point mutations correlates with MHC-I presentation regions.
-- reference not found! | |
| patients | are identified Given | symptoms of COVID-19 at presentation (count: 1) | |
| Given the non-specific and mostly mild symptoms of COVID-19 at presentation, patients are often identified and hospitalized at the later stage of disease
-- reference not found! | |
| AIOD-CRISPR | performs detection specificity For | SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| For emerging SARS-CoV-2, in addition to high sensitivity, the AIOD-CRISPR also performs high detection specificity.
-- reference not found! | |
| clinicians | differentiate COVID-19 from | pathogen infections (count: 1) | |
| Comparison of the clinical and imaging features between the two groups may help clinicians to differentiate COVID-19 from other pathogen infections and then to screen patients with highly suspected cases.
-- reference not found! | |
| origin | of antigen is | homologous 2019-nCoV sequence (count: 1) | |
| We also aligned the SARS-CoV T cell epitope sequences and calculated for each epitope the percentage identity to 2019-nCoV. For each T cell epitope, Table 3 shows the antigen of origin, the epitope sequence, the homologous 2019-nCoV sequence, and corresponding percentage of sequence identity.
| |
| pro-inflammatory cytokines | is in | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| A similar phenomenon was observed, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 increased and ICU patients had much higher plasma concentrations [6] .
-- reference not found! | |
| cytokines | predict | 1 2 7 outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections (count: 1) | |
| These results indicated that these 1 2 6 three cytokines could be considered as biomarkers to predict disease progression and 1 2 7 outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
| |
| Our amino acid changes | developing antigen for | 4 detection of 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Our observed amino acid changes in N-3 protein would be useful for developing antigen for much more sensitive serological 4 detection of 2019-nCoV. 5 Based on published metagenomic data, this study provides the first report on a 6 potential closely related kin (Pangolin-CoV) of 2019-nCoV, which was discovered from 7 dead Malayan Pangolins after extensive rescue efforts.
-- Pangolin homology associated with 2019-nCoV. biorxiv. 2020-02-20. | |
| Cardiovascular manifestations | could | could presentation throughout course of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Cardiovascular manifestations (CVMs) could be the initial presentation or appear throughout the whole course of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | differentiate SARS-CoV-2 from | 110 viruses (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, it is important that we are able to differentiate SARS-CoV-2 from 110 similar viruses, like Astroviruses.
-- reference not found! | |
| checking | differentiate between | SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| just checking for their presence is enough to differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses in the dataset with a 100% accuracy.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 diagnosis system | is with | specificity of 67 % (count: 1) | |
| 14] describe a COVID-19 diagnosis system with specificity of 67% and sensitivity of 74% on 216 slices extracted from CT volumes of patients (the whole dataset consists of 44 positive and 55 negative cases, but split strategy of dataset is unclear).
-- reference not found! | |
| it | representation of | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Unlike classical blackbox deep learning approaches, by visualizing AI system and applying radiomics analysis, it can decode effective representation of COVID-19 on CT imaging, and potentially lead to the discovery of new biomarkers.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 patients | lymphopenia of | cytokines (count: 1) | |
| Other clinical studies indicate that COVID-19 patients develop lymphopenia and high-levels of various cytokines such as G-CSF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1A, and TNF-α 4, 5 .
-- Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| cytokines | is in | blood of Chinese COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| In the current study, we analyzed multiple cytokines and immune cell populations in the blood of Chinese COVID-19 patients.
-- Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| excessive T cell activation | is in | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Indeed, a latest case report shows the sign of excessive T cell activation in COVID-19, as .
-- Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| indicating | specificity of | reaction for COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Only samples containing COVID-19, but not MERS, BtCoV, or MHV, had positive RT-LAMP reactions indicating specificity of the reaction for COVID-19 (Fig 3) .
| |
| 2019-nCoV | increase | cytokines (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, we speculates that 2019-nCoV may interact with ACE2 receptor in gastrointestinal tract, then further impair the intestinal mucous membrane barrier and increase the inflammatory cytokines production.
| |
| antibody-antigen docking simulation | generated | also high-quaility homology models with SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD (count: 1) | |
| The antibody-antigen docking simulation generated not only the crystal structures of SARS-216 CoV and MERS-CoV S-RBD proteins, but also the high-quaility homology models with SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD.
-- Spike protein binding prediction with neutralizing antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. biorxiv. 2020-02-27. | |
| we | used as | antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (count: 1) | |
| Since the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 is 90% similar to that of SARS-CoV ( Table 2) , we used SARS-CoV N as an antigen to test for SARS-CoV-2 N-directed antibodies in an ELISA format.
-- reference not found! | |
| S1 | is antigen for | SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, consistent with our earlier findings for MERS-CoV serology (6), S1 is a specific antigen for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.
-- reference not found! | |
| sensitivity | specificity of | assays for SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| Cohorts used to validate the specificity and sensitivity of assays for SARS-CoV-2
-- reference not found! | |
| Immunohistochemistry | analyzed | SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen in kidney tissues (count: 1) | |
| Immunohistochemistry analyzed SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen in kidney tissues.
-- reference not found! | |
| 141 | were | SARS-CoV-2 N antigen positive (count: 1) | |
| As shown in Figure 2 , among the 208 patients with COVID-19 nucleic acid positive results, 141 were SARS-CoV-2 N antigen positive, with a sensitivity of 68%.
-- reference not found! | |
| 31 | were | among 31 patients with COVID-19 acid results N antigen negative (count: 1) | |
| Meanwhile, among the 31 patients with COVID-19 nucleic acid negative results, 31 were N antigen negative, with a specificity of 100%.
-- reference not found! | |
| We | performed | N antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2 (count: 1) | |
| We performed N antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urine in one in parallel with All rights reserved.
-- reference not found! | |
| our N antigen assay | is | diagnosis method of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Those findings indicate that our N antigen assay is an accurate, rapid, early and simple diagnosis method of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| pad | was sprayed with | mixture of AuNP-COVID-19 antigen conjugate (count: 1) | |
| Conjugate pad was sprayed with mixture of AuNP-COVID-19 recombinant antigen conjugate and
-- reference not found! | |
| it | differentiate SARS-CoV-2 from | viruses (count: 1) | |
| We concluded that CT scan is an morphology detection, not pathogen identification, hence, it was difficult to differentiate SARS-CoV-2 from other viruses or pathogens accurately.
-- Application and optimization of RT-PCR in diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. medrxiv. 2020-02-27. | |
| COVID-19 patients | developed pneumonia with | plasma levels of cytokines (count: 1) | |
| Clinically, several papers showed that most COVID-19 patients developed lymphopenia as well as pneumonia with higher plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in severe cases [6] [7] [8] , suggesting that the host immune system is involved in the pathogenesis 9, 10 .
-- reference not found! | |
| bioRxiv SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression | was | detected (count: 1) | |
| https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.995639 doi: bioRxiv preprint SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression was detected in moderate numbers of type I pneumocytes and a few type II pneumocytes in foci of DAD (Fig.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression | was In | tract (count: 1) | |
| In the upper respiratory tract, there was focal or locally extensive SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression in epithelial cells of mucous glands in the 5 nasal cavity (septum or concha) of all four macaques, without any associated histological lesions ( fig.
-- reference not found! | |
| four macaques | expressed SARS-CoV-2 antigen in | glands (count: 1) | |
| Also, all four macaques expressed SARS-CoV-2 antigen in mucous glands of the nasal .
-- reference not found! | |
| G SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression | is | colocalized (count: 1) | |
| G) SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression is colocalized with areas of 10 diffuse alveolar damage (IHC for SARS-CoV-nucleocapsid, 20X objective). (
-- reference not found! | |
| presentations | are caused by | SARS-CoV-2 infection (count: 1) | |
| To first understand whether the described clinical presentations are solely caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, samples from all patients were tested against a panel of typical agents of respiratory viral infection, including HCoV-HKU1, -OC43, -NL63, -229E; Influenza virus A and B, Rhinovirus, Enterovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Human Parainfluenza virus 1-4, Human metapneumovirus, Adenovirus, and Human bocavirus.
| |
| COVID-19 RT-LAMP-BS assay | had specificity starting | starting December 2019 (count: 1) | |
| These 211 preliminary results revealed that the proposed COVID-19 RT-LAMP-BS assay had a 212 high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of SARS-CoVepidemic by SARS-CoV-2, starting in last December 2019 in Wuhan,216
-- reference not found! | |
| guaranteeing | specificity for | SARS-CoV-2 detection (count: 1) | |
| 240 Two RT-LAMP primer sets, including F1ab-RT-LAMP and np-RT-LAMP 241 primer sets, were specifically designed recognizing eight regions of target genes 242 (Figure 6), guaranteeing the high specificity for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
-- reference not found! | |
| cytokines | indicating | relationship between inflammation in 2019-nCoV patients (count: 1) | |
| Our study demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17A were elevated in mostly patients, with significant higher level of IL-6, IL-17A and TNF-α in severe patients, indicating an underlying relationship between pulmonary inflammation and lung damage in 2019-nCoV patients.
| |
| COVID-19 | represents | infection with presentations (count: 1) | |
| In summary, COVID-19 represents an emerging acute respiratory infection with various clinical presentations that share similarities as well as discrepancies with SARS and MERS.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS/2019-nCoV residues | are shown in | stick representation (count: 1) | |
| ACE2 interface residues are shown as grey sticks, and the SARS/2019-nCoV residues are shown in blue and green stick representation, respectively.
-- 2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: Human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2020. | |
| findings | may explain | biomarker presentation including COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| 8 These findings may explain common biomarker presentation in viral pneumonia, including COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| importance | nature of | presentations of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| 12 In conclusion, we reported the clinical features of two patients with COVID-19 in Taiwan, and highlight the nonspecific nature of clinical presentations of COVID-19 and the importance of laboratory-based diagnosis.
-- reference not found! | |
| presentations | seem | infrequent in patients with 2019-nCoV (count: 1) | |
| Unlike SARS-CoV, intestinal presentations (eg, diarrhea) seem to be infrequent in patients with 2019-nCoV. [29] [30] [31] Given the similarities between SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV, it is tempting to speculate about viremia and affected tissues beyond the respiratory tract.
-- The Novel Coronavirus: A Bird's Eye View. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2020. | |
| 2019-nCoV infections | induce | production of levels of cytokines (count: 1) | |
| Furthermore, like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV infections induce production of high levels of cytokines [2, 17] .
-- The epidemic of 2019-novel-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia and insights for emerging infectious diseases in the future. Microbes and Infection. 2020-03-31. | |
| COVID-19 | presentations of are | fever (count: 1) | |
| The common clinical presentations of COVID-19 are fever (98%), cough (76%), and myalgia and fatigue (18% each) 6
-- The novel coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kidney International. 2020-03-07. | |
| patients | is with | COVID-19 presentations (count: 1) | |
| Zhou and colleagues reported that heart failure was observed in 23.0% of patients with COVID-19 presentations (6) .
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | presentation of is | illness (count: 1) | |
| The predominant clinical presentation of COVID-19 is acute respiratory illness, which may lead to ARDS manifested as ground-glass opacities on chest imaging (54) and hypoxemia.
-- reference not found! | |
| presentation | was similar to | patients with symptom COVID-19 infection (count: 1) | |
| The clinical presentation of the patient was similar to patients with atypical symptom COVID-19 infection.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 spike protein model | is in | colored cartoon representation (count: 1) | |
| shows the structure model of the COVID-19 spike protein model (homo-trimeric) in a colored cartoon representation.
-- reference not found! | |
| Li | report on | presentation of two COVID-19 cases (count: 1) | |
| In this issue of the journal, Li and colleagues (7) report on the presentation and outcome of two microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 cases in heart transplantation detected in the Hubei province in China.
-- COVID-19: Yet Another Coronavirus Challenge in Transplantation. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 2020-03-14. | |
| COVID-19 cases | were suspected on | basis of association of presentation (count: 1) | |
| In France, the definition of a possible COVID-19 case changed during the study period [5] ( Figure 1 ): -Between 30 January 2020 and 3 February 2020, COVID-19 cases were suspected on the basis of the association of an acute respiratory presentation, whatever the severity, with a body temperature ≥38°C within 14 days of return from Hubei Province in the Peoples' Republic of China, and/or in the event of close contact with a confirmed case.
-- reference not found! | |
| death | presentation of | COVID-19 infection (count: 1) | |
| We need to develop a hypothesis to explain the causal path underlying the more severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection and subsequent death in diabetic patients.
-- This is in connection with your call for the special issue Diabetes and COVID-19 Infection: Basic and Clinical Research. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020-03-16. | |
| we | presentations of | COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| To establish the diagnostic protocol for this disease, in this report, we comparatively analyzed the clinical presentations, laboratory data, radiologic findings, and travel and exposure contact histories, of the COVID-19 patients with those with other respiratory infections.
-- reference not found! | |
| hospital | made | PowerPoint presentation of CT manifestations of COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| In fact, within a month of the outbreak, the hospital that received the most infected patients from the source of the outbreak made a PowerPoint presentation of the CT manifestations of COVID-19, which was shared via WeChat and disseminated across the country in a very short time.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19-teaching PowerPoint presentations | were | shared (count: 1) | |
| Subsequently, COVID-19-teaching PowerPoint presentations from various hospitals appeared and were quickly shared via WeChat.
-- reference not found! | |
| platelet count | differentiate between | COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| In the present study, we aim to investigate whether platelet count could differentiate between COVID-19 patients with or without severe disease, and assess if thrombocytopenia may be associated with severe COVID-19.
-- Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A meta-analysis. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2020-03-13. | |
| origin | of antigen is | homologous SARS-CoV-2 sequence (count: 1) | |
| For each T cell epitope, Table 5 shows the antigen of origin, the epitope sequence, the homologous SARS-CoV-2 sequence, and the corresponding percentage of sequence identity.
-- A Sequence Homology and Bioinformatic Approach Can Predict Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Host & Microbe. 2020-03-16. | |
| presentation | incidence of | CV manifestations in COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| Given the enormous burden posed by this illness and the significant adverse prognostic impact of cardiac involvement, further research is required to understand the incidence, mechanisms, clinical presentation and outcomes of various CV manifestations in COVID-19 patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| inadequate women | has | representation in national COVID-19 policy spaces such in White House Coronavirus Task Force (count: 1) | |
| Despite the WHO Executive Board recognising the need to include women in decision making for outbreak preparedness and response, 12 there is inadequate women's representation in national and global COVID-19 policy spaces, such as in the White House Coronavirus Task Force.
-- COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. The Lancet. 2020-03-20. | |
| proinflammatory cytokines | is in | COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| Additionally, in severe cases, a reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a decrease of regulatory T cells has been found, likely due to high expression of proinflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients [3] .
-- reference not found! | |
| we | observe | presentations of COVID-19 pneumonia (count: 1) | |
| 8 As the epidemic evolves, we are starting to observe the varied presentations of COVID-19 pneumonia, with symptomatic patients showing concordant CT and RT-PCR findings.
-- COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us?. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020-02-24. | |
| their presentation | could mimic | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Tuberculosis and community-acquired pneumonia are particularly common in this setting and their presentation could easily mimic COVID-19.
-- Adoption of COVID-19 triage strategies for low-income settings. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020-03-11. | |
| 2019-nCoV infection | may | With presentation may suspected (count: 1) | |
| With typical clinical presentation and a clear epidemiological history, 2019-nCoV infection may be strongly suspected when chest CT has the characteristics of viral pneumonia despite negative RT-PCR results.
-- Clinical Features of Atypical 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia with an initially Negative RT-PCR Assay. Journal of Infection. 2020-02-22. | |
| fever | occurred in | only 43.8 % of patients with 2019-nCoV on presentation (count: 1) | |
| It should be emphasized that fever occurred in only 43.8% of patients with 2019-nCoV on initial presentation [6], those patients may be missed if the surveillance case definition only focused on fever detection during preoperative screening.
-- Integrated infection control strategy to minimize nosocomial infection of corona virus disease 2019 among ENT healthcare workers. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020-02-27. | |