| cytokine storm | was induced after | SARS-CoV-2 infection (count: 1) | |
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| A cytokine storm was induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by large amounts of immune responses and changes in immune cells such as lymphocytes, which was same as people infected SARS-CoV 5,26 .
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| cytokine storm syndrome | happen in | SARS-CoV-2 patients (count: 1) | |
| Previous studies of COVID-19 patients have demonstrated that cytokine storm syndrome (CRS) could happen in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients [9, 10] .
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| studies | have reported | increase in serum cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| Recent studies have reported an increase in serum cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe patients, and suggest that cytokine storm is associated with disease severity [6, 13] .
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| Serum SARS-CoV-2 load | is associated with | cytokine storm (count: 1) | |
| Serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is strongly associated with cytokine storm and can be used to predict the poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients.
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| SARS-CoV-2 infection | is | in moribund patients associated with cytokine storm 4 12 (count: 1) | |
| Importantly, in most moribund patients, SARS-CoV-2 infection is also associated with an inflammatory cytokine storm 4, 12 , which is mainly characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of interleukins 6 (IL-6).
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| cytokine storm | is occurred in | COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| Because inflammatory cytokine storm is frequently occurred in critically ill COVID-19 patients, we then asked that if there any laboratory parameters could be associated RNAaemia and contribute to the COVID-19 severity?
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| cytokine storm | exist in | 2019-nCoV infection (count: 1) | |
| These phenomena suggest severe pulmonary inflammation 50 and cytokine storm also exist in 2019-nCoV infection.
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| changes | are correlated with | changes of cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| In line with this hypothesis, we observed that the kinetic changes of T cell counts are reversely correlated with the kinetic changes of most examined cytokine levels in the peripheral blood in severe COVID-19 patients.
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| research | reveals cytokine storm in | COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| Recent research reveals the fatal cytokine storm in critical COVID-19 patients.
-- Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| 2019-nCoV | may cause | cytokine storm (count: 1) | |
| In a recent clinical report, 2019-nCoV may cause cytokine storm and multi-organ failure in severe pneumonia patients(8).
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| interesting question | is | source of cytokine during COVID-19 infection (count: 1) | |
| One interesting question is the source of these cytokine during COVID-19 infection.
-- Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). medrxiv. 2020-02-20. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | triggers | cytokine release (count: 1) | |
| Our previous work demonstrating that monocytes and macrophages can produce pro-inflammatory cytokine during murine hepatitis virus strain-3 infection, 30, 31 and whether SARS-CoV-2 also triggers cytokine release from monocytes and macrophages in COVID-19 patients need further investigation and such work is in progress in our hospital.
-- Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). medrxiv. 2020-02-20. | |
| cytokine storms | use for | immunomodulation in patients with COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Although there was no clinical evidence to support the use of glucocorticoids [8] , whether early use of thymosin and gamma globulin for immunomodulation in patients with severe and critical COVID-19 can reduce cytokine storms, reduce clinical symptoms and improve prognosis requires further exploration.
-- A retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in 26 children. medrxiv. 2020-03-10. | |
| p r o o f cytokine storm | is in | COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| confirmed the occurrence of the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cytokine storm in the COVID-19 patients in ICU rather than those in non-ICU patients [7] .
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| cytokine storm syndrome | subgroup of | patients with COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Accumulating evidence suggests that a subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 might have a cytokine storm syndrome.
-- COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The Lancet. 2020-03-16. | |
| hallmark | is | cytokine storm induced by COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Current available therapies -including non-specific anti-virals, antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections and sepsis, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation -fail in severe disease where the hallmark is the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19 in the lung, visible as inflammatory lesions with ground-glass opacity on CT scan.
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| 2019-nCoV infection | is | In moribund patients associated with cytokine storm (count: 1) | |
| In most moribund patients, 2019-nCoV infection is also associated with a cytokine storm, which is characterised by increased plasma concentrations of interleukins 2, 7, and 10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, and tumour necrosis factor α. [
-- Reducing mortality from 2019-nCoV: host-directed therapies should be an option. The Lancet. 2020-02-28. | |
| ill COVID-19 patients | is with | cytokine storm (count: 1) | |
| The artificial-liver blood-purification system was applied in Zhejiang province, China, and showed good prognosis in the treatment of severely or critically ill COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm [22] .
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| cytokine storm onset | is in | COVID-19 (count: 1) | |
| Second, investigations are needed regarding the key pathways and immune cell types involved in cytokine storm onset in COVID-19; these will benefit the understanding of artificial-liver support system treatment for alleviating cytokine storm to reverse the disease process in patients with severe COVID-19 infection by rebalancing the immune system.
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| cytokine storm | lead to | death in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (count: 1) | |
| The cytokine storm will trigger a violent attack by the immune system to the body, cause ARDS and multiple organ failure, and finally lead to death in severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, just like what occurs in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection [31] .
-- Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2020-03-05. | |
| may lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels | is in | COVID-19 patients (count: 1) | |
| This clinical evidence suggests that the use of melatonin as a supplement may effectively reduce the levels of circulating cytokines, and may potentially also lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients.
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