| 5.2 days (count: 3) | |
|---|---|
| According to a recent study using the first 425 patients 1 , the mean incubation period of 2019-nCoV is 5.2 days, and the mean duration from illness onset to hospital admission is 9.1 days.
-- Spatially Explicit Modeling of 2019-nCoV Epidemic Trend based on Mobile Phone Data in Mainland China. medrxiv. 2020-02-11. | |
| COVID-19 has a mean incubation period of 5.2 days (95% confidence interval, 4.1-7.0).
-- Overview of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): The Pathogen of Severe Specific Contagious Pneumonia (SSCP). J Chin Med Assoc. 2020. | |
| To date, COVID-19 has been shown to have a mean incubation period of 5.2 days and a median duration from the onset of symptoms to death of 14 days [22, 39] , which is comparable to that of MERS [40] .
-- World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery. 2020-04-30. | |
| 2-7 days (count: 2) | |
| Usually, COVID-19 has an incubation period of 2-7 days 2 with no obvious 41 symptoms, during which time the virus can spread from infected to uninfected individuals.
| |
| The interquartile deviation of the 35 infection incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 2-7 days, but the maximum can be as 36 long as 24 days according to the current reports, which is longer than other human 37 coronaviruses and exacerbates the epidemic.
-- reference not found! | |
| reported to be 3-7 days (count: 1) | |
| The incubation period of COVID-19 is reported to be 3-7 days, at most 14 days, which varies greatly among patients [2] .
-- Modeling the Epidemic Dynamics and Control of COVID-19 Outbreak in China. medrxiv. 2020-02-29. | |
| about 5.2 days (count: 1) | |
| According to [6] , the incubation period of COVID-19 is about 5.2 days, thus ϕ can be set to be 1/5.2. ⟨
| |
| 3 to 7 days (count: 1) | |
| According to recent reports, most of COVID-19 patients have an incubation period of 3 to 7 days.
-- Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019. medrxiv. 2020-03-03. | |
| 4.75 days (count: 1) | |
| 4] reported that the median incubation period of COVID-19 is 4.75 days; the interquartile range is 3.0 − 7.2 days.
-- Epidemiological characteristics of 1212 COVID-19 patients in Henan, China. medrxiv. 2020-02-23. | |
| 1 to 14 (mostly 3 to 5) days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 is an emerging disease, with an incubation period of 1 to 14 (mostly 3 to 5) days.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2-14 days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 is spread by human-to-human transmission through droplet, feco-oral, and direct contact and has an incubation period of 2-14 days [6] .
-- Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers. medrxiv. 2020-03-13. | |
| up to 10 days (count: 1) | |
| According to [43] , the average incubation period of 2019-nCoV is up to 10 days.
| |
| 4.8 days (count: 1) | |
| We estimate the median incubation period of COVID-19 is 4.8 days (95%CI, 4.2, 5.4).
| |
| 3 days (count: 1) | |
| In summary, 2019-nCoV elicits a rapid spread of outbreak with human-to-human transmission, with a median incubation period of 3 days and a relatively low fatality rate.
-- Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. medrxiv. 2020-02-09. | |
| currently estimated at around 3-7 days (count: 1) | |
| The incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is currently estimated at around 3-7 days [5, 10, 11] .
-- reference not found! | |
| mean 6.4 days (count: 1) | |
| The missing link to the market, the time of travel and onset of symptoms in the two COVID-19 cases together with the incubation period of mean 6.4 days (range: 5.6-7.7)[16] and the time of closest genome neighbours obtained from sequences in Wuhan, suggest that transmission within Wuhan beyond the Huanan Seafood Market is likely to have occurred in the first week of January or earlier.
| |
| about 7 days (count: 1) | |
| According to the WHO [24] , the incubation period of 2019-nCoV is about 7 days, hence σ = 1/7.
-- Estimation of the Transmission Risk of the 2019-nCoV and Its Implication for Public Health Interventions. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| generally 3-7 days (count: 1) | |
| The incubation period of 2019-nCoV is generally 3-7 days but no longer than 14 days, and the virus is infective during the incubation period.
-- Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Outbreak in 2019: Computed Tomographic Findings in Two Cases. Korean J Radiol. 2020 Mar 11. | |
| 2-4 days (count: 1) | |
| Overall, infection caused by the 2019-nCoV shares many clinical similarities with infection caused by SARS-CoV. A typical human coronavirus has an incubation period of 2-4 days; it is estimated to be 3-6 days for the 2019-nCoV, and 4-6 days for SARS-CoV. 15, 16, 29, 30 Infection with 2019-nCoV, similar to SARS-CoV, presents with non-specific symptoms such as malaise, fever, and dry cough at the prodromal phase.
-- The Novel Coronavirus: A Bird's Eye View. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2020. | |
| approximately 5.2 days (count: 1) | |
| The symptoms of COVID-19 infection appear after an incubation period of approximately 5.2 days [12] .
-- The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020-02-26. | |
| 1-14 days (count: 1) | |
| Current evidence suggests COVID-19 is spread by droplets and has an incubation period of 1-14 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| 5·3 days (count: 1) | |
| These parameters included how infectious an individual is over time, 20 the proportion of the population assumed to be asymptomatic (7·5%), 21 the cumulative distribution function for the mean incubation period (with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 having the same mean incubation period of 5·3 days), 3, 22 and the duration of hospital stay after symptom onset (3·5 days).
-- reference not found! | |
| ranged between 1 and 14 days (count: 1) | |
| Based on current epidemiological investigations, the incubation period of COVID-19 is ranged between 1 and 14 days, and generally within 3 to 7 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | present | distribution of incubation periods estimated for travellers with 2019-nCoV infection days (count: 2) | |
|---|---|
| Here we present the distribution of incubation periods estimated for travellers from Wuhan with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, using their reported travel histories and symptom onset dates.
-- The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infections among travellers from Wuhan, China. medrxiv. 2020-01-28. | |
| Here we present the distribution of incubation periods estimated for travellers from Wuhan with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in the early outbreak phase, using their reported travel histories and symptom onset dates.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | estimate | time at risk of COVID-19 exposure for travelers days (count: 2) | |
| To estimate the time at risk of COVID-19 exposure for travelers departing Italy, we obtained data from the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) for the proportion of international travelers that are non-residents of Italy (63%) 4 and the average length of stay of tourists to Italy (3.4 days) 5 , and assumed the Italian epidemic began one month prior to February 29, 2020 6 .
-- Estimation of COVID-19 outbreak size in Italy based on international case exportations. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| To estimate the time at risk of COVID-19 exposure for travelers departing Iran, we obtained data from the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) for the proportion of international travelers that are residents of Iran (4) .
-- Estimation of COVID-2019 burden and potential for international dissemination of infection from Iran. medrxiv. 2020-02-25. | |
| we | can determine | reproductive number COVID-19 days (count: 2) | |
| Once the growth rate r is identified, we can determine the reproductive number R 0 of COVID-19 according to (8) .
-- CoVID-19 in Japan: What could happen in the future?. medrxiv. 2020-02-23. | |
| Now we can determine the reproductive number R 0 of COVID-19 if we know the growth rate r of COVID-19 by
| |
| COVID-19 patients | were becoming for | antibodies from 7-12 days days (count: 2) | |
| COVID-19 patients were becoming reactive(positive) for specific antibodies from 7-12 days after the onset of morbidity.
| |
| Three COVID-19 patients were becoming reactive (positive) for specific anti-2019-nCoV antibodies from 7-12 days after the onset of morbidity, and the levels of anti-2019-nCoV IgM and IgG antibodies increased with the progression of the disease.
| |
| persons | is with | potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| Our finding that the incubation period was within 14 days for 93% of the cases lends support to current practice of 14-day quarantine of persons with potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
-- reference not found! | |
| loads in95 nasopharyngeal | tested after | re-exposure SARS-CoV-2 96 days (count: 1) | |
| Viral loads in95 nasopharyngeal and anal swabs tested negative after the re-exposure of SARS-CoV-2 96 along the timeline (Figure 2c to 2e).
-- Reinfection could not occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques. biorxiv. 2020-03-14. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 acid | remaining over | 14 days days (count: 1) | |
| Notably, 5 (23.8%) patients in the LPV/r group experienced adverse events including 3 with diarrhea, 2 loss of appetite and one abnormal liver function, especially one serious adverse event reporting a 79-year-old man with diabetes and hypertension experienced severe diarrhea and progressed to critical condition ECMO with SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid remaining positive over 14 days after treatment.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 acid | conversion of were | After 14 days 76.2 % days (count: 1) | |
| After 14 days of treatment, the positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were 76.2% (16/21), 87.5% (14/16) and 71.4% (5/7) respectively in the LPV/r group, the arbidol group and the control group, without significantly statistical difference among groups (P =0.681) (table 2).
-- reference not found! | |
| estimated Kd | is lesser compared to | SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| We noticed that for the civet, dog, chicken and snake forms, 142 the interaction energy is very low and very similar either for SARS-CoV-2 143 or SARS-CoV. Although the Kd are relatively low for the rat and bat forms 144 interacting with SARS-CoV RBD, those of SARS-CoV-2 are high and go 145 beyond 50 nM. On the other hand, it seems that the interaction with pig 146 ACE2 is more favorable for SARS-CoV-2 isolate since the estimated Kd is 147 3 folds lesser compared to SARS-CoV-2.
| |
| 2The line | shows | estimated serial interval distribution of COVID-19 3 infections days (count: 1) | |
| 2The solid line shows the estimated serial interval distribution of COVID-19 3 infections using the best-fit lognormal distribution with right truncation.
-- Serial interval of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections. medrxiv. 2020-02-13. | |
| serial interval | referring to | estimated incubation time of COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| The serial interval could be approximated by referring to the estimated incubation time of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| numerous COVID-19 case exportations | is in | recent days days (count: 1) | |
| In summary, we suggest that the numerous COVID-19 case exportations from Italy in recent days suggest an epidemic that is larger than official case counts suggest, and which is approximately on a par .
-- Estimation of COVID-19 outbreak size in Italy based on international case exportations. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| interval | estimated for | COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| Mean incubation period and mean serial interval estimated for COVID-19 using Singapore and Tianjin datasets.
-- Transmission interval estimates suggest pre-symptomatic spread of COVID-19. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| COVID-19 | days of is | 5-10 days days (count: 1) | |
| The incubation days of COVID-19 in Wuhan city is 5-10 days with a mean of 7 days (Fan et al.,
| |
| COVID-19 | has | reproductive number days (count: 1) | |
| The most notable result is that with the most recent data at the time of publication, COVID-19 has a large basic reproductive number, R 0 , estimated at a mean value of 26.5.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | have estimated serial distribution | information is lacking in COVID-19 outbreak days (count: 1) | |
| As such information is mostly lacking [6] (and may be hard to obtain) in this COVID-19 outbreak, we have estimated the serial interval distribution from a curated network, using whatever contact information was available.
-- Strongly heterogeneous transmission of COVID-19 in mainland China: local and regional variation. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| b Distribution | estimated from | COVID-19 clusters days (count: 1) | |
| b) Distribution of the serial interval for onset of clinical symptoms, estimated from COVID-19 clusters with partially known links (Figure2).
-- Strongly heterogeneous transmission of COVID-19 in mainland China: local and regional variation. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA | was detected at_time | 2-3 days days (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected every 2-3 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| family members | history of | exposure to COVID-19 pneumonia days (count: 1) | |
| Most patients had a history of exposure to COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed or suspected family members, and children over 6-age have the highest infection rate.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 cases | developed symptoms on | 3.3 days days (count: 1) | |
| Our data also show that MTB infection is associated with more rapid development of symptoms ( Figure 1C-D) ; MTB coinfected COVID-19 cases developed symptoms on average 3.3 days earlier than their non-MTB-infected counterparts.
-- Active or latent tuberculosis increases susceptibility to COVID-19 and disease severity. medrxiv. 2020-03-16. | |
| COVID-19 | reproductive number of was | range days (count: 1) | |
| The effective reproductive number, R, of COVID-19 in Hubei was in a range of 2.1 to 4.2 in scenarios based on different assumptions and data sources.
-- Epidemic doubling time of the COVID-19 epidemic by Chinese province. medrxiv. 2020-02-06. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | have | transmissibility with estimated number days (count: 1) | |
| Various estimates and analyses suggest SARS-CoV-2 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) may have similar transmissibility with an estimated reproductive number (R 0 ) of 3.77 (2.23-4.82) for SARS-CoV-2 and between 2.9-3.3 for SARS-CoV 8 .
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | be ruled out | undetectable after 20 days days (count: 1) | |
| This finding indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection can be ruled out if antibody against SARS-CoV-2 is still undetectable after 20 days of symptoms onset, or after 23 days from exposure (20 days plus a median incubation of 3-day [9] ).
-- reference not found! | |
| measures | have resulted in | reduction of reproductive number of COVID-19 4 5 days (count: 1) | |
| Unprecedented restrictive measures, including travel restrictions, contact tracing, quarantine and lock-down of entire towns/cities adopted by the Chinese authorities have resulted in a significant reduction of the effective reproductive number of COVID-19 4, 5 .
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 travellers | have | Over weeks have reported within days days (count: 1) | |
| Over the last few weeks, only a few SARS-CoV-2 infected travellers have been reported with symptoms within a few days after their arrival (15).
-- Interventions targeting air travellers early in the pandemic may delay local outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2. medrxiv. 2020-02-13. | |
| cities | represent exposure intensities to | COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| These two cities were selected to represent diverse exposure intensities to COVID-19.
| |
| study | investigate | changes of exposure live during COVID-19 outbreak days (count: 1) | |
| This study is the first to investigate behavioural changes of exposure to live animals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and public support for governmental containment measures in response to the outbreak.
| |
| cities | represent exposure intensities to | threat of SARS-CoV-2 infection days (count: 1) | |
| The cities of Wuhan and Shanghai were selected to represent diverse exposure intensities to the threat of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
| |
| COVID-19 | period of is | about 5.2 days days (count: 1) | |
| According to [6] , the incubation period of COVID-19 is about 5.2 days, thus ϕ can be set to be 1/5.2. ⟨
| |
| COVID-19 case fatality rates | are estimated at | 2.9 % days (count: 1) | |
| Current COVID-19 case fatality rates in China are estimated at 2.9% within Hubei province, and 0.4% outside (8), suggesting lower severity than SARS and MERS but higher severity than HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1.
-- Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the post-pandemic period. medrxiv. 2020-03-06. | |
| COVID-19 patients | may develop symptoms after | infection days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 patients may develop mild or severe symptoms after infection.
| |
| we | learn | effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproductive function days (count: 1) | |
| In order to learn the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male reproductive function, we compared the sex hormone profiles between COVID-19 patients and age-matched healthy men with normal fertility in this study.
-- reference not found! | |
| number | reported | exposure to COVID-19 cases days (count: 1) | |
| Subsequently, an increasing number of cases reported exposure to COVID-19 cases or patients with acute respiratory infections (Tab.
| |
| estimated incubation distribution | Based on preprint is | about 10 % of patients with COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.06.20032417 doi: medRxiv preprint Based on the estimated incubation distribution in this study, about 10% of patients with COVID-19 would not develop symptoms until 14 days after infection Our approach does require that certain assumptions be met, which we detail below.
| |
| COVID-19 | for Group is | first quartile of 2 days days (count: 1) | |
| In the study of Guan et al on behalf of China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19,the incubation period had a reported median of 4 days, the first quartile of 2 days and the third quartile of 7 days.4 By fitting a commonly used Weibull distribution to such quartiles, we can defined in Equation(2).
| |
| cancer patients | estimated risk of | COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| It was found that cancer patients had an estimated 2-fold increased risk of COVID-19 than the general population.
-- SARS-CoV-2 transmission in cancer patients of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan. medrxiv. 2020-02-25. | |
| COVID-19 patients | developed kidney injury in | only 2 days days (count: 1) | |
| It is noteworthy that most COVID-19 patients developed acute kidney injury in the early period of hospitalization, especially in only 2 days after admission in patients with elevated baseline Scr.
-- Kidney impairment is associated with in-hospital death of COVID-19 patients. medrxiv. 2020-02-20. | |
| Median anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG | is in | patients with severe illness within 35 days after symptom onset days (count: 1) | |
| Median anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM levels in patients with severe or nonsevere illness within 35 days after symptom onset. (
| |
| solutions | are illustrated By | estimated parameters of COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| By these estimated parameters of COVID-19, the solutions of model (1) are illustrated in Figure .
-- The within-host viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2. biorxiv. 2020-03-07. | |
| MERS | Comparing | estimated parameters of SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| Comparing the estimated parameters of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS coronavirus, the MERS have a higher virulence to infect the pulmonary epithelial cells (larger R 0 ) and with a small initial value of infected cell.
-- The within-host viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2. biorxiv. 2020-03-07. | |
| you | history of | exposure to COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.20.20025338 Do you feel that you have a history of exposure to the COVID-19?
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 patients | is in | only three six days days (count: 1) | |
| We show here that hydroxychloroquine is efficient in clearing viral nasopharyngeal carriage of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients in only three to six days, in most patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| mean SARS-CoV-2-positive duration | was | 9.71 days days (count: 1) | |
| The mean SARS-CoV-2-positive duration from first positive test to conversion was 9.71 (95%CI, 8.21-11.22) days.
| |
| temperature | normalized SARS-CoV-2 RNA for | at least 3 days days (count: 1) | |
| Patients were discharged from hospital if they met the criteria: temperature normalized for at least 3 days, apparent improvement in respiratory symptoms, absorption of lung inflammation, and negative SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA tested for twice at 1 day interval.
| |
| duration | was | 9.24 days for COVID-19 patients days (count: 1) | |
| This duration was 9.24 (7.10-11.37) days for COVID-19 patients without pneumonia (n=17) and 10.45 (8.10-12.81) days for those with pneumonia (n=11).
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | incubation of was | 8.42 days days (count: 1) | |
| As SARS-CoV-2 shares its receptor with SARS-CoV, 6 We revealed that the mean incubation of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 8.42 days.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 | adding | mean incubation of 8.42 days days (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 might be present in patients for around 18 days by adding the mean incubation of 8.42 days.
| |
| COVID-19 incidence | could | Given incubation period of 4-6 days could reflective days (count: 1) | |
| Given the median incubation period of 4-6 days for COVID-19 [11] , the overall COVID-19 incidence in provinces with lags of 2-3 weeks, or approximately 2-3 times the median incubation period, could be reflective of the second-or third-generation transmissions.
| |
| uncertainty | is in | estimated number of imported COVID-19 cases from Wuhan days (count: 1) | |
| Next, we propagated the uncertainty in the estimated number of imported COVID-19 cases from Wuhan, and estimated the probability that a local outbreak would occur and sustain for at least three generations (hereinafter referred to as "local outbreak risk") for each country or territory outside mainland China.
| |
| tested | observed | course of 25 COVID-19 patients within 23 days days (count: 1) | |
| tested in the real-time RT-PCR assay by using a SARS-We observed the clinical course of 25 COVID-19 patients within 23 days 2 5 5 of treatment.
| |
| COVID-19 incubation | percentile of is | 12.89 days days (count: 1) | |
| That the estimated 97.5 th percentile of COVID-19 incubation is 12.89 days (95% CI: (11.00, 16.13)) may suggest a long isolation or quarantine time (e.g. 17 days) can be better than the widely accepted 14 days.
-- Estimate the incubation period of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). medrxiv. 2020-02-29. | |
| COVID-19 | estimated CFR of is | approximately 7 % days (count: 1) | |
| Meanwhile, the estimated national CFR of COVID-19 obtained in this study is approximately 7%, which is close to SARS.
-- Estimating the cure rate and case fatality rate of the ongoing epidemic COVID-19. medrxiv. 2020-02-20. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | has | estimated mortality rate days (count: 1) | |
| In addition, SARS-CoV-2 has an estimated mortality rate of 3-4%, and it is spreading faster than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV [8] .
-- reference not found! | |
| we | analyzed | lymphocyte subsets in blood of COVID-19 patients to at least 16 days days (count: 1) | |
| Next, we analyzed the kinetic changes of WBCs, neutrophils and monocytes as well as different lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients from the disease onset to at least 16 days later.
| |
| infection | shed SARS-CoV-2 for | 5 days days (count: 1) | |
| As reported by Pan et al [26] , 2 of 3 255 cases was asymptomatic infected, with the proportion of asymptomatic of 0.67.There was a research 256 showed that the asymptomatic infection would shed SARS-CoV-2 for 5 days [27] .
-- A mathematical model for estimating the age-specific transmissibility of a novel coronavirus. medrxiv. 2020-03-08. | |
| COVID-19 symptoms | appear after | 2-14 days days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 symptoms are often (80%) mild [2] , may appear 2-14 days after exposure (mean incubation period 5-6 days) [2] , and include fever, cough and shortness of breath [3] .
-- reference not found! | |
| we | Assuming | incubation period with mean of 5.2 days from study of COVID-19 cases days (count: 1) | |
| Assuming an incubation period with a mean of 5.2 days from a separate study of early COVID-19 cases, 2 we inferred that infectiousness started from 2.5 days before symptom onset and reached its peak at 0.6 days before symptom onset (Figure 1b) .
-- reference not found! | |
| We | infer from | 425 COVID-19 patients with exposure history days (count: 1) | |
| We used a published estimate of the incubation period distribution to infer infectiousness with respect to symptom onset, from the first 425 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan with detailed exposure history.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 infection | can progress from | hospital admission in few as 2 days days (count: 1) | |
| This is critical since COVID-19 infection can rapidly progress from hospital admission to ARDS in as few as 2 days, and COVID-19 infection can be fatal.
| |
| 9 COVID-19 patients | were confirmed at | days days (count: 1) | |
| All 9 COVID-19 patients were previously confirmed to seroconvert at days 6-15 post onset of disease using recombinant immunofluorescence test and PRNT.
-- reference not found! | |
| % patients | had exposure history In | study of 291 patients with COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| In this double-center observational study of 291 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Hunan, a province adjacent to Hubei, 86.6% patients had indirect exposure history.
| |
| COVID-19 | reproductive number of be | 2.2 CI days (count: 1) | |
| Studies indicate the basic reproductive number of COVID-19 was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9).
| |
| lockdown | are | effective in reduction with COVID-19 after about 11 days days (count: 1) | |
| The daily statistics showed that lockdown are effective in reduction of incidence of confirmed cases with COVID-19 after about 11 days in china.
-- reference not found! | |
| transmission | reproductive number of | SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| We then investigate a deterministic (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) SEIR compartmental model based on the clinical progression of the disease, epidemiological status of the individuals, and the intervention measures to inferred the basic reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 and the transmission among Wenzhou and three prefecture-level cities.
| |
| population | may carry COVID-19 for | days days (count: 1) | |
| Those population may carry the COVID-19 for several days and might infect others who are closely contacting with, which makes the potentional risk.
| |
| reproductive ratio | give | approximation of potential of COVID-19 outbreak days (count: 1) | |
| The basic reproductive ratio can then be estimated from these transmission structures to give us an approximation of the spreading potential of a COVID-19 outbreak in each of these countries.
| |
| number | is estimated At | peak of COVID-19 outbreak days (count: 1) | |
| At the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak on Feb 22, 2020, the number of NCs is estimated to be 1,050.
-- reference not found! | |
| estimated daily COVID-19 mortality rate | is in | China days (count: 1) | |
| D. The estimated daily COVID-19 mortality rate in China.
-- reference not found! | |
| None | had | history of exposure to COVID-19 cases days (count: 1) | |
| None of these patients had a history of exposure to COVID-19 cases from Wuhan or had travelled to Wuhan.
| |
| countries | reported 2019-nCoV cases in | days days (count: 1) | |
| The first case outside China was witnessed on 13 January in Thailand [3] , and in the following days, several other countries also reported 2019-nCoV cases [4] .
-- Risk assessment of novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreaks outside China. medrxiv. 2020-02-05. | |
| Our study | demonstrated | transmission of COVID-19 in three days days (count: 1) | |
| Our study initially demonstrated asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 in the incubation period, especially in the last three days of incubation period, by estimating the incubation period with the use of accurate exposure history of confirmed cases.
| |
| serial interval | was | 4.1 days for COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| We observed the mean serial interval was 4.1 days for COVID-19, which is shorter than the 8.4-day and the 7.6-day mean serial interval reported for SARS and MERS, respectively.
| |
| COVID-19 cases | are | potential infection sources within three days days (count: 1) | |
| In conclusion, the COVID-19 cases in the incubation period are potential infection sources, especially within three days prior to the symptom onset.
| |
| Chorology | confirmed | COVID-19 cases of estimated incubation period days (count: 1) | |
| Chorology of exposures and dates of symptom onset of 106 confirmed COVID-19 cases and distribution of the estimated incubation period. (
| |
| Factors | associated with | adoption phase COVID-19 epidemic past 14 days days (count: 1) | |
| Factors associated with greater adoption of social-distancing interventions during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong Presence of respiratory symptoms in the past 14 days
| |
| 2019-nCoV strains | have | In days have separated days (count: 1) | |
| Recently, a new type of pneumonia which is caused by 2019-nCoV has outbroken nationwide in China and the previous studies have shown that 2019-nCoV is like SARS-CoV. In the last few days, several 2019-nCoV strains have been successfully separated from patients and the results of sequencing data can be acquired on Sharing Avian Influenza Data and GenBank.
-- Predictions for the binding domain and potential new drug targets of 2019-nCoV. biorxiv. 2020-03-02. | |
| hands | be | possible exposure route for SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| This study's data supports the idea that contaminated gloves or hands may be a possible exposure route for SARS-CoV-2.
| |
| study | focused as | surrogate of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| This study focused on hospital surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs as a surrogate of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 | turned after | 20 days days (count: 1) | |
| Two children had fecal SARS-CoV-2 turned negative 20 days after throat swabs showing negative, while that of another child lagged behind for 8 days.
-- Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in feces of pediatric patients during the convalescent phase. medrxiv. 2020-03-13. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA | was detected after | 8-20 days days (count: 1) | |
| Notably, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the stool of these children 8-20 days after negative conversion of viral RNA in respiratory specimens.
-- Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in feces of pediatric patients during the convalescent phase. medrxiv. 2020-03-13. | |
| R0 | using incidence during | 23 days of COVID-19 Algeria days (count: 1) | |
| In order to predict the cumulative incidence (cases number) of COVID-19 Algerian epidemic in the coming weeks we used the mathematical model (Alg-COVID-19) defined as: The approach implemented to estimate the basic reproduction numbers (R0) in this model is to calculate the average R0 using the real chronological incidence (case number) during the first 23 days of the COVID-19 Algeria epidemic between February 25 and March 19, 2020, so that, we used the equation (3) derived from the equation (1).
-- reference not found! | |
| time | ranged From | time of exposure to COVID-19 infection days (count: 1) | |
| From the time of the first exposure to COVID-19 infection to the nucleic acid test, the time ranged from 1 day to 34 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| future COVID-19 | confirmed cases with | weather observations in sequence of 15 days days (count: 1) | |
| We used this best fitted model to predict future COVID-19 daily confirmed new cases with weather observations and forecasts in a sequence of 15 days for seven .
-- reference not found! | |
| We | estimated number under | COVID-19 incidence rates days (count: 1) | |
| We estimated the excess number of deaths over 1 year under different COVID-19 incidence rates and differing mortality impacts.
-- reference not found! | |
| days | is in | patients infected with COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| However, current models of the population mortality impact of COVID-19 are based on agestratified death rates over days in patients infected with COVID-19 and have not incorporated clinical information from NHS health records regarding prevalence of underlying conditions, their differing background (pre-COVID-19) long term mortality risks, or the impact of differing levels of additional risk associated with COVID-19 (2) .
-- reference not found! | |
| we | estimate | reproductive number COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| In this paper, we estimate the reproductive number R 0 of COVID-19 based on Wallinga and Lipsitch framework [11] and a novel statistical time delay dynamic system.
| |
| we | estimated case fatality ratios for | COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| Adjusting for delay from confirmation-to-death, we estimated case and infection fatality ratios (CFR, IFR) for COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess ship as 2.3% (0.75%-5.3%) and 1.2% (0.38-2.7%).
| |
| had | exposure to | patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection days (count: 1) | |
| Thirty six patients had a history of exposure to Hubei Province and 26 (57.8%) had exposure to patients with confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
| |
| COVID-19 | has force with | time of under 3 days days (count: 1) | |
| We find that COVID-19 has a strong infectious force if left unchecked, with a doubling time of under 3 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | has | incubation period of 2-14 days days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 is spread by human-to-human transmission through droplet, feco-oral, and direct contact and has an incubation period of 2-14 days [6] .
-- Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers. medrxiv. 2020-03-13. | |
| COVID-19 | prevalence in | visitors staying only 3 days days (count: 1) | |
| We find that for plausible parameters for COVID-19, prevalence in visitors staying only 3 days could be as little as half that of residents, but for longer stays of over a week the visitor prevalence should be 80% or more that of residents.
| |
| data | reproductive number of | 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| Then we estimate the model parameters and the basic reproductive number of 2019-nCoV, on the basis of the latest official confirmed infected data in the mainland China.
-- Simulating the infected population and spread trend of 2019-nCov under different policy by EIR model. medrxiv. 2020-02-12. | |
| we | have findings From | estimated propagation profiles of COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| From the estimated propagation profiles of the COVID-19 epidemic for all 367 cities, we have the following findings:
| |
| data | indicate | replication of SARS-CoV-2 during 5 days days (count: 1) | |
| Together, these data indicate active replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the throat during the first 5 days after symptoms onset.
| |
| government | build | emergency hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients in days days (count: 1) | |
| To react to the exponential growth of infected patients requiring hospital-53 1 http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/nuovocoronavirus/ dettaglioContenutiNuovoCoronavirus.jsp isation, the Chinese government decided to build a large emergency hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients in a few days.
-- reference not found! | |
| groups | reported | estimated R0 of COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| 9 Over the past month, several groups reported estimated R0 of COVID-19 and generated All rights reserved.
-- Phase adjusted estimation of the number of 2019 novel coronavirus cases in Wuhan, China. medrxiv. 2020-02-23. | |
| 58,077 | represents | estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases days (count: 1) | |
| 18 55,869 represents the estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases on 19 February 2020 in Wuhan, China with R0 = 0.5; 58,077 represents the estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases on 23 February 2020 in Wuhan, China with R0 = 0.9; E: number of exposed cases; I: number of infectious cases; E was assumed to be 20 times of I at baseline.
-- Phase adjusted estimation of the number of 2019 novel coronavirus cases in Wuhan, China. medrxiv. 2020-02-23. | |
| 70,258 | represent | estimated number of COVID-19 cases days (count: 1) | |
| 11,044, 70,258 and 227,989 represent the estimated number of COVID-19 cases by the end of February 2020 in Wuhan, China with R0 = 1.9, 2.6 and 3.1, respectively.
-- Phase adjusted estimation of the number of 2019 novel coronavirus cases in Wuhan, China. medrxiv. 2020-02-23. | |
| time | was | In study on 138 patients admitted with COVID-19 7 days days (count: 1) | |
| In a retrospective Chinese study on 138 consecutive patients admitted with COVID-19, the median time from clinical onset to hospital admission was 7 days, 26% of patients were admitted to the ICU and 61% of them met clinical criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [5] .
| |
| we | estimated for | 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| To translate this into meaningful predictions, we use the framework proposed by Lipsitch et al (16) with the parameters we estimated for 2019-nCoV. Importantly, given the recent report of transmission of the virus from asymptomatic individuals (13), we considered the existence of a fraction of infected individuals who is asymptomatic and can transmit the virus (see Supplementary Materials) .
-- The Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is Highly Contagious and More Infectious Than Initially Estimated. medrxiv. 2020-02-11. | |
| COVID-19 | period of is | 4.8 days days (count: 1) | |
| We estimate the median incubation period of COVID-19 is 4.8 days (95%CI, 4.2, 5.4).
| |
| COVID-19 | interval of is | 5.4 days days (count: 1) | |
| We estimated that the median serial interval of COVID-19 is 5.4 days (95% CI, 4.4 to 6.5).
| |
| Figure | shows | number of cases of COVID-19 on estimated diagnosis dates days (count: 1) | |
| Figure 6 shows the curves of the numbers of cumulative deaths and the number of cumulative cured cases of COVID-19 on the estimated diagnosis dates.
| |
| reproductive organs | is in | patients infected with 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| However, limited information is available regarding the involvement of reproductive organs in patients infected with 2019-nCoV. Therefore, our findings suggest that clinicians should take care of the possible occurrence of orchitis.
-- ACE2 Expression in Kidney and Testis May Cause Kidney and Testis Damage After 2019-nCoV Infection. medrxiv. 2020-02-13. | |
| 2019-nCoV ARD | period of was | 3.0 days days (count: 1) | |
| The median incubation period of 2019-nCoV ARD was 3.0 days and it had a relatively lower fatality rate than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Disease severity independently predicted the composite endpoint.
-- Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. medrxiv. 2020-02-09. | |
| 2019-nCoV | elicits spread with | incubation period of 3 days days (count: 1) | |
| In summary, 2019-nCoV elicits a rapid spread of outbreak with human-to-human transmission, with a median incubation period of 3 days and a relatively low fatality rate.
-- Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. medrxiv. 2020-02-09. | |
| flights | are few | has contributed to estimated risk of 2019-nCoV transmission days (count: 1) | |
| Direct flights between Chinese cities and African countries are few which has contributed to a lower estimated risk of 2019-nCoV transmission.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 surveillance | has in | has place since 10 January 2020 3 days after days (count: 1) | |
| Specific COVID-19 surveillance has been in place in France since 10 January 2020, 3 days after the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 in China.
-- reference not found! | |
| initial infections | is with | 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| With a seemingly comparable chain of events as the origin of SARS-CoV, the initial infections with 2019-nCoV appears to be linked to contact with animals in wet markets.
-- 2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: Human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2020. | |
| groups | reported | estimated R 0 COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| Over the past month, several groups reported estimated R 0 of COVID-19 and generated valuable prediction for the early phase of this outbreak.
-- Phase-adjusted estimation of the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 cases in Wuhan, China. Cell Discovery. 2020. | |
| 55,869 | represents | estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases days (count: 1) | |
| Estimations of the transmission risk and the epidemic trend of COVID-19 are of great importance because these can arouse the vigilance of the policy makers, health professionals, and the whole society so that enough resources would be mobilized in a speedy and efficient In all, 55,869 represents the estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases on 19 February 2020 in Wuhan, China with R 0 = 0.5; 58,077 represents the estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases on 23 February 2020 in Wuhan, China with R 0 = 0.9; E: number of exposed cases; I: number of infectious cases; E was assumed to be 20 times of I at baseline.
-- Phase-adjusted estimation of the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 cases in Wuhan, China. Cell Discovery. 2020. | |
| 81,393 | represents | estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases days (count: 1) | |
| In all, 81,393 represents the estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases on 19 February 2020 in Wuhan, China with R 0 = 0.5; 84,520 represents the estimated peak number of COVID-19 cases on 23 February 2020 in Wuhan, China with R 0 = 0.9; E: number of exposed cases; I: number of infectious cases; E was assumed to be 30 times of I at baseline.
-- Phase-adjusted estimation of the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 cases in Wuhan, China. Cell Discovery. 2020. | |
| male doctor | is with | exposure history to COVID-19 patients days (count: 1) | |
| Case 1 was a male doctor in his 40s with an exposure history to COVID-19 patients.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 patient | had | cough 2 days days (count: 1) | |
| On 6 February 2020, a recovered COVID-19 patient in Changde (Hunan province, China) had a fever and cough 2 days after discharge, and chest CT showed worsened status [12] .
-- reference not found! | |
| we | have estimated reproduction numbers Based on | 2019-nCoV cases ' data days (count: 1) | |
| Based on the 2019-nCoV cases' data until 22 January 2020, we have estimated the basic reproduction numbers using different methods (likelihood-based and model-based approaches).
-- Estimation of the Transmission Risk of the 2019-nCoV and Its Implication for Public Health Interventions. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences | limited | estimated mutation rates days (count: 1) | |
| The SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences have been found to have limited variability and the estimated mutation rates in coronavirus, which SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetically links to, are moderate to high, compared to the others in the category of single-stranded RNA viruses [7] .
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences | have limited | estimated mutation rates days (count: 1) | |
| The SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences have limited variability and the estimated mutation rates in coronavirus, which SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetically links to, are moderate to high compared to the others in the category of ssRNA viruses [7] .
| |
| patient | is with | confirmed 2019-nCoV infection within past 14 days days (count: 1) | |
| 4) Have you come into contact with a patient with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection within the past 14 days? (
-- Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. International Journal of Oral Science. 2020. | |
| estimated mean incubation periods | are variable between | studies including values shorter than those presented for 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| The estimated mean incubation periods for SARS are more variable between studies, including values shorter and longer than those presented here for 2019-nCoV. These findings imply that the findings of previous studies that have assumed incubation period distributions similar to MERS or SARS will not have to be adapted because of a shorter or longer incubation period.
-- reference not found! | |
| 2019-nCoV | live | animals exposure to materials days (count: 1) | |
| Given that there were some bats and live animals in the seafood market, 2019-nCoV may be originated from bats or live animals exposure to the materials contaminated with bat droppings in the seafood market or surrounding area.
-- An emerging coronavirus causing pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China: calling for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Jan 31. | |
| COVID-19 infection | occurs through | exposure to virus days (count: 1) | |
| It became clear that the COVID-19 infection occurs through exposure to the virus, and both the immunosuppressed and normal population appear susceptible.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | have levels as | reproductive number days (count: 1) | |
| The COVID-19 has been found to have higher levels of transmissibility and pandemic risk than the SARS-CoV, as the effective reproductive number (R) of COVID-19 (2.9) is estimated to be higher than the reported effective reproduction number (R) of SARS (1.77) at this early stage [15] .
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 cases | is in | 14 days days (count: 1) | |
| A laboratoryconfirmed case of COVID-19 was defined a patient with positive real-time RT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2, while a suspected case was defined as a patient with history of travelling to Wuhan City or in contact with COVID-19 cases in the 14 days before onset of symptoms and with clinical manifestation of fever, respiratory illness, pneumonia on computed tomography (CT) scan, and/or reduced white blood cells count, but no RT-PCR results.
-- reference not found! | |
| interest | was | 10-14 days earlier than incidence peak of COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| We also found that the peak interest for these keywords in Internet search engines and social media data was 10-14 days earlier than the incidence peak of COVID-19 published by the NHC.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | have | wait for at least 14 days after anti-COVID-19 epidemic days (count: 1) | |
| In other words, we have to wait for at least 14 days after the massive anti-COVID-19 epidemic without using information derived from F ′ ′ (x).
-- First two months of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic in China: real-time surveillance and evaluation with a second derivative model. Global Health Research and Policy. 2020. | |
| COVID-19 epidemic | was responsive Despite | delay of 43 days days (count: 1) | |
| Despite a delay of 43 days from the first confirmed cases on December 8, 2019 to January 20, 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic was highly responsive to massive interventions, supporting the effectiveness of these interventions.
-- First two months of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic in China: real-time surveillance and evaluation with a second derivative model. Global Health Research and Policy. 2020. | |
| COVID-19 | has | incubation period of 5.2 days days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 has a mean incubation period of 5.2 days (95% confidence interval, 4.1-7.0).
-- Overview of The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): The Pathogen of Severe Specific Contagious Pneumonia (SSCP). J Chin Med Assoc. 2020. | |
| we | estimated | reproductive number of COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| Accordingly, in this study, we estimated the reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 in the early stage of outbreak on the ship and made a prediction of daily new cases for the next ten days.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | is with | mean of 7.5 days days (count: 1) | |
| Therefore, we assumed the serial interval of COVID-19 on the ship was equal to that of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, with a mean of 7.5 days and a standard deviation of 3.4 days .
-- reference not found! | |
| line | shows | estimated serial interval distribution of COVID-19 infections days (count: 1) | |
| The solid line shows the estimated serial interval distribution of COVID-19 infections using the best-fit lognormal distribution with right truncation.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 R0 | would exceed | reproductive number days (count: 1) | |
| 8 According to these findings, the COVID-19 R0 would exceed the reproductive number estimated for SARS.
-- COVID-19 R0: Magic number or conundrum?. Infectious Disease Reports. 2020. | |
| COVID-19 | period of be | 10 days days (count: 1) | |
| where the infectious period equals to one over the recovery rate ( ), In the homogeneous model, the infectious period, i, of COVID-19 was set to be 10 days based on previous findings.
-- COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures. Journal of Travel Medicine. 2020. | |
| study | estimated | reproductive number of 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| The first study estimated the basic reproductive number (R 0 ) of 2019-nCoV to be 2.2, 1 much higher than the ideal control goal to be less than 1.
-- HRCT Imaging Features in Representative Imported Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. Precision Clinical Medicine. 2020. | |
| it | be | 3-6 days for 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| Overall, infection caused by the 2019-nCoV shares many clinical similarities with infection caused by SARS-CoV. A typical human coronavirus has an incubation period of 2-4 days; it is estimated to be 3-6 days for the 2019-nCoV, and 4-6 days for SARS-CoV. 15, 16, 29, 30 Infection with 2019-nCoV, similar to SARS-CoV, presents with non-specific symptoms such as malaise, fever, and dry cough at the prodromal phase.
-- The Novel Coronavirus: A Bird's Eye View. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2020. | |
| studies | revealed | reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 3 8 9 days (count: 1) | |
| Earlier studies based on susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered metapopulation and susceptible-infected-recovered-dead models revealed the number of potentially infected cases and the basic reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 3, 8, 9 .
-- Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in china by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses. Journal of Infection. 2020-02-26. | |
| 55 patients | had | history of exposure to COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| At presentation, all 55 patients had a history of epidemiological exposure to COVID-19, and 5 (9%) patients who discharged from hospital presented SARS-CoV-2 reactivation.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | is detected within | 1-2 days days (count: 1) | |
| Subsequent detailed clinical investigations demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 is detected within 1-2 days after patient symptoms, peaking 4-6 days later and clearing within 18 days [4] .
-- SARS Coronavirus Redux. Trends in Immunology. 2020-03-12. | |
| serial interval | is estimated for | COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| 3 By contrast, for COVID-19, the serial interval is estimated at 4·4-7·5 days, which is more similar to SARS.
-- How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?. The Lancet. 2020-03-09. | |
| COVID-19 | had | time of about 4-5 days days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 had a doubling time in China of about 4-5 days in the early phases.
-- How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?. The Lancet. 2020-03-09. | |
| measures | minimizing | potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| Patients with a history of COPD should be encouraged adopt more restrictive measures for minimizing potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and contact with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19.
-- reference not found! | |
| interconnectedness | can facilitate | exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| The interconnectedness of the wastewater plumbing network can facilitate exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within, or even between, buildings.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | was | found days ago days (count: 1) | |
| Since SARS-CoV-2 was found a few days ago to utilise the same cell surface receptor ACE2 (expressed in lung, heart, kidney and intestine) as SARS-CoV-1 [85, 86] (Table 1) , it may be hypothesised that chloroquine also interferes with ACE2 receptor glycosylation thus preventing SARS-CoV-2 binding to target cells.
-- New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020-03-12. | |
| patient | had | SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected for 25 days days (count: 1) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected for 20 days or longer in a third of patients who survived in our cohort, and one patient had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected for 25 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 infection | period of is | approximately 5.2 days days (count: 1) | |
| The incubation period of COVID-19 infection is approximately 5.2 days.
-- The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2020-02-26. | |
| it | distinguish | exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| These findings also indicate that it might be difficult to distinguish exposure to SARS-CoV-2 from other SARSr-CoVs in serological studies using S ectodomain trimers and that specific assays will need to be designed.
-- Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Cell. 2020-03-09. | |
| COVID-19 particles | survive | days days (count: 1) | |
| 4 Emerging research also suggests that COVID-19 viral particles remain viable in aerosol for several hours and can survive several days on multiple surfaces.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | estimate | time at risk for COVID-19 exposure among travelers days (count: 1) | |
| To estimate the time at risk for COVID-19 exposure among travelers departing Iran, we obtained data from the United Nations World Tourism Organization for the proportion of international travelers who are residents of Iran (4) and the average length of stay of tourists to Iran (5) , and assumed that the Iranian outbreak began in early January 2020.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | is showing deterioration after | 7-9 days days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 is showing respiratory deterioration 7-9 days after onset, which is double the 3-5 days period documented in influenza pandemic, suggesting that it cannot be related to the viral load.
-- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A critical care perspective beyond China. Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine. 2020-03-03. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | has | From days has topic days (count: 1) | |
| From the first days of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been the main topic discussed all over the world.
-- reference not found! | |
| suspected positive SARS-CoV-2 infected patients | is in | last 14 days days (count: 1) | |
| At the department entrance, patients were asked to fill in a special medical history form; the form required to declare respiratory symptoms and contacts with people with suspected or confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the last 14 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| Correspondence | were | tested for SARS-CoV-2 Q3 acid at 14 days days (count: 1) | |
| Correspondence to S. Liu (13543456446@139.com) patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 Q3 nucleic acid at admission and at 14 days, remaining negative.
-- reference not found! | |
| SARS-CoV-2 acid test results | were negative After | 8 days days (count: 1) | |
| After 8 days of treatment, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results were negative in throat swab samples twice, cough had improved, and laboratory tests results and computed tomographic chest images had improved (Fig 1) .
-- reference not found! | |
| we | performed hemodialysis For | patients with potential COVID-19 exposure from areas days (count: 1) | |
| For nonsuspected patients with potential COVID-19 exposure or from epidemic areas within the last 2 weeks, we performed hemodialysis in an isolation area within the hemodialysis facility.
-- reference not found! | |
| 7 Use | is in | patients with COVID-19 over 7-14 days days (count: 1) | |
| 7 Use of this agent in patients with COVID-19 over 7-14 days, for example, suggests sideeffects would be trivial.
-- COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020-02-27. | |
| we | reproductive number of | 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| In this modelling study, we first inferred the basic reproductive number of 2019-nCoV and the outbreak size in Wuhan from Dec 1, 2019, to Jan 25, 2020, on the basis of the number of cases exported from Wuhan to cities outside mainland China.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 | pneumonia for | six days days (count: 1) | |
| Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, Journal of Infection, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.Common novel coronavirus pneumonia in a 37-year-old man with fever for six days and cough for two days before admission.
-- Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Infection. 2020-02-25. | |
| Exposure history | was defined as | exposure with SARS-CoV-2 infection days (count: 1) | |
| Hypoproteinaemia was defined as blood albumin of less than 25 g/L. Exposure history was defined as exposure to people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or to the Wuhan seafood market.
| |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA | persisted for | median of 20 days days (count: 1) | |
| In the current study, we found that the detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA persisted for a median of 20 days in survivors and that it was sustained until death in nonsurvivors.
| |
| COVID-19 | spread in | just 30 days days (count: 1) | |
| In summary, COVID-19 is high in prevalence and population is generally susceptible to such virus, and COVID-19 rapidly spread from a single Wuhan city to the entire country in just 30 days.
-- reference not found! | |
| time | was | only 9 days among patients with COVID-19 infection days (count: 1) | |
| Most patients had some degree of dyspnoea at presentation, because the time from onset of symptoms to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was only 9 days among the initial patients with COVID-19 infection [1] .
-- reference not found! | |
| Serum antibodies | should | should tested before their exposure to 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| Serum antibodies should be tested among health-care workers before and after their exposure to 2019-nCoV for identification of asymp tomatic infections.
-- Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020-02-21. | |
| COVID-19 | have | mean incubation period of 5.2 days days (count: 1) | |
| To date, COVID-19 has been shown to have a mean incubation period of 5.2 days and a median duration from the onset of symptoms to death of 14 days [22, 39] , which is comparable to that of MERS [40] .
-- World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery. 2020-04-30. | |
| SARS-CoV-2-infected infants | number of be | may possible risk of exposure to virus days (count: 1) | |
| The small number of SARS-CoV-2-infected infants may be due to the possible low risk of exposure to the virus or to mild or asymptomatic diseases that cannot be fully identified.
-- Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newborns, infants and children. Pediatrics & Neonatology. 2020-03-10. | |
| COVID-19 | has spread within | 60 days days (count: 1) | |
| COVID-19 has spread globally within 60 days with focus areas in Asia, Europe and the Middle East [2] .
-- reference not found! | |
| finding | reflected | increased until three days before increased of COVID-19 cases days (count: 1) | |
| This finding reflected the increased of googling activities in one until three days before the increased of COVID-19 cases.
-- Applications of google search trends for risk communication in infectious disease management: A case study of COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020-03-12. | |
| have | history of | exposure to contact with COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| Patients typically present with a combination of fever or cough and have a history of exposure to either a close contact with COVID-19 or travel to an affected geographic area.
-- reference not found! | |
| testing | been exposure to | person with COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| 1 For healthcare personnel, testing may be considered if there has been exposure to a person with suspected COVID-19 without laboratory confirmation.
-- reference not found! | |
| patient 's family members | have | have diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection within 14 days days (count: 1) | |
| being at high risk of 2019-nCoV infection because the patient's family members or caregivers have been diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection, had close contact with someone with probable or confirmed 2019-nCoV, had close contact with someone with pneumonia of unknown cause, are living in or travelling to epidemic areas, or have been in animal markets or close contact with wild animals, within 14 days before the onset of illness.
-- A contingency plan for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in neonatal intensive care units. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020-04-30. | |
| possible answer | is | antibody enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 due to exposure to coronaviruses days (count: 1) | |
| One possible answer is antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2 due to prior exposure to other coronaviruses.
-- Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses?. Microbes and Infection. 2020-03-31. | |
| Contacts | were people with | exposure to patient with COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| Contacts were people with exposure to a patient with COVID-19 on or after the patient's symptom onset date.
| |
| hundred individuals | is with | potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| This Article describes the first person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 in the USA, including the clinical and laboratory features of both patients and the assessment and monitoring of several hundred individuals with potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
| |
| personnel | is with | potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| Health-care personnel and community members with potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were interviewed using standardised contact questionnaires to assess exposure and whether the individual had true contact with a patient with COVID-19.
| |
| personto-person transmission | occur through | exposure to patient with COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| These data suggest that personto-person transmission of COVID-19 might be most likely to occur through unprotected, prolonged exposure to a patient with symptomatic COVID-19.
| |
| individuals | is with | potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| Second, this investigation might not have identified all individuals with potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2, because epidemio logical investigations are dependent on individuals' recall of places visited, people seen, and symptom onset.
| |
| 22 Patients | is with | potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| 22 Patients with potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with a fever, cough, or shortness of breath should call their health-care provider before seeking care so that appropriate preventive actions can be implemented.
| |
| Illinois risk classification | is with | potential exposure to COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| Illinois risk classification of health-care personnel and community contacts with potential exposure to COVID-19
| |
| patients | had | history of exposure to COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| All patients had a history of epidemiological exposure to COVID-19.
| |
| its R0 value | is | In phase of COVID-19 epidemic is estimated from assumptions days (count: 1) | |
| In this initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemic, its R0 value is being estimated from multiple assumptions and using complex mathematical models.
-- One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic. Medicina Clínica (English Edition). 2020-03-13. | |
| she | was | With three 41 results of RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 discharged after 24 days days (count: 1) | |
| With three 41 consecutive negative results of real-time RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in 42 nasopharyngeal swab, she was discharged after 24 days of hospitalization.
-- A case of COVID-19 and pneumonia returning from Macau in Taiwan: Clinical course and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG dynamic. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020-03-10. | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | detected in | their swabs 44 sampled after 14 days ' quarantine days (count: 1) | |
| None of 43 four members in the family had SARS-CoV-2 detected in their nasopharyngeal swabs 44 sampled after 14 days' quarantine.
-- A case of COVID-19 and pneumonia returning from Macau in Taiwan: Clinical course and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG dynamic. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020-03-10. | |
| We | placed contacts from | exposure with COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| We placed close contacts under quarantine for 14 days from last exposure to the individual with confirmed COVID-19, either at home or at designated government quarantine facilities.
-- Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures. The Lancet. 2020-03-17. | |
| we | time of | possible exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| For each case, we recorded the time of possible exposure to SARS-CoV-2, any symptom onset, fever onset, and case detection.
-- reference not found! | |
| we | information on | interval of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| Cases were included in the analysis if we had information on the interval of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and symptom onset.
-- reference not found! | |
| COVID-19 | period of be | 5.1 days days (count: 1) | |
| Fitting the log-normal model to all cases, we estimated the median incubation period of COVID-19 to be 5.1 days (CI, 4.5 to 5.8 days) (Figure 2) .
-- reference not found! | |
| work | provides | evidence for incubation period for COVID-19 of approximately 5 days days (count: 1) | |
| This work provides additional evidence for a median incubation period for COVID-19 of approximately 5 days, similar to SARS.
-- reference not found! | |
| serum antibodies | should | should examined exposure to 2019-nCoV days (count: 1) | |
| Furthermore, respiratory samples should be immediately sent for analysis, if a diagnosis is suspected, serum antibodies should be examined before and after exposure to 2019-nCoV [7] .
-- reference not found! | |
| He | was | discharged after 8 days following two nose negative for SARS-CoV-2 days (count: 1) | |
| He was discharged after 8 days, following two sequential nose and throat swabs negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR.
-- reference not found! | |
| it | increases | risk of exposure to COVID-19 days (count: 1) | |
| Although a facilitated visit may permit a physical examination to be performed, it also increases the risk of exposure to COVID-19 for patients and health care workers.
-- reference not found! | |